Sharif Digital Repository

Mobile Sources are the main source of air pollutant emission in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Everyday thousands of vehicles commute in roads and highways. Unfortunately, People are exposed to high level of particulate matter and gaseous contaminants in automobile cabins. Even though this environment is exposed to high pollutant concentration emitted by on-road vehicle, In comparison with other built environment, in-cabin commuter exposure and its key parameters has never been quantified. In general, this work entails measurement of in-cabin air quality, predicting mathematical models for calculating Air-Exchange-Rate (AER) in vehicles and on-road vehicle emission measurement. Our... 

In this thesis, adsorption of Carbon monoxide and Hydrogen on graphene, by DFT calculation has been studied. Also effect of strain on some electrical properties, such as band structure, electrical conductivity and Density of states, for pristine graphene and adsorption CO and H2 on it has been probed. This results show that with strain up to 12% on pristine graphene , we won’t have any band gap on Fermi surface and energy adsorption for Carbon monoxide on strained graphene (up 12%) increase up 400 per cent. Also for strained graphene (12%) on Carbon monoxide adsorption condition we will have energy band gap almost a few electron volt on Fermi surface. In general this results express... 

Vehicular tunnels are very prone to excess of air pollution due to their enclosed nature. Inadequate ventilation combined with high traffic flow result in elevated concentration of vehicle-induced air pollutants, which can pose serious health hazards. This study was carried out in the longest vehicular tunnel in Tehran, locally referred to as Tohid tunnel. Traffic flow characteristics, carbon monoxide level and it's dispersion along the tunnel were investigated in this project. Data were collected in 4 days and 3 times a day, 7-8 in the morning, 11-12 and 17-18 in the evening. Measurements were conducted at fixed locations, outside the tunnel,... 

The concentration of air pollutants in the environment is variable according to different factors, including distances from main sources. Vehicles in streets and highways are one of the most important sources of the air pollutants. Hemmat highway is one of the most significant highways in Tehran with traffic congestion of 15000 to 18000 vehicle/hour. In this research, the concentrations of PM10 and CO were determined in different distances of Shahid Hemmat highway and the relationship diagrams of traffic and meteorology to the amount and emission of air pollutants were drawn. The concentration gradient diagrams showed exponential decay, which demonstrated that more than of 50% of air... 

Climate change and energy security are key drivers for future energy policy. While energy security has been a pillar of energy policy for about a century, concern about climate change is more recent and is bound to radically change the landscape of energy policy. Policy makers are now under increasing pressure to address these twin challenges: to develop cost-effective policies that will both ensure the security of our energy system and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Main Effort in this Project is to construct an integrated model of Iran’s energy system to serve as a policy analysis tool, by which policymakers are able to identify the future effects of a wide range of policies in... 

Mobile Sources are the main source of air pollutant emission in Tehran, the capital city of Iran. Everyday thousands of vehicles commute in roads and highways. Unfortunately, People are exposed to high level of particulate matter and gaseous contaminants in automobile cabins. Even though this environment is exposed to high pollutant concentration emitted by on-road vehicle, In comparison with other built environment, in-cabin commuter exposure and its key parameters has never been quantified.
In general, this work entails measurement of in-cabin air quality, predicting mathematical models for calculating Air-Exchange-Rate (AER) in vehicles and on-road vehicle emission measurement. Our... 

Fire events and the related toxicants such as CO are responsible for many fatalities inthe current century. These hazardous events are more dangerous when they occur in enclosedspaces. In the present study, a theoretical relation is developed for horizontal distribution of COin a large tunnel fire. Then, developed criterion is used to study the effect of rudimentaryparameters such as Heat Release Rate (HRR) of fire and tunnel Aspect Ratio (AR) on CO andtemperature stratification. Theoretical results of various heat release rates and aspect ratios forhorizontal distribution of CO are compared with numerical results using Fire DynamicsSimulator (FDS5.5). It is found that big fires have higher... 

Emission control, especially Carbon Monoxides (CO) as one of the major by-products of combustion processes, is one of the most serious challenges in burning waste-gases with high amounts of humidity and Carbon Monoxide. We investigated an oil waste-gas incinerator serving to a bitumen production line located in Pasargad Oil Company, Shazand, Arak, Iran. The aforementioned incinerator was criticized seriously for its high CO emissions. We were requested to find a solution to reduce the undesirable CO emission from that. Following the environmental standards, there is an upper limit of 150 ppm for the CO produced by an industrial waste oil incinerator. To present an inclusive solution for such... 

Tehran air quality is facing a real crisis. Reports of pertinent organizations show air quality is deteriorating in recent years and unhealthy days are increasing. As a result, study and planning in order to change this trend and moving toward improving air quality is a necessity. On the other hand, in order to make proper decisions and choosing effective approaches considering cost-effective attribute and legal, temporal and budget restrictions, selecting the right tool is essential. Air quality models are the tools which in a cost saving manner and reasonable time can provide the required results for researchers, decision makers and legislators. An applicable model correspondent with urban... 

Since we are exposed to many air pollutants such as different gases daily, this project has attempted to investigate how these gases affect nucleobases, which are the main constituent of the DNA chain. The gases used in this study are sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO). Each of these gases was studied separately along with the most stable nucleobase in the neutral, anionic and cationic states. The AT and GC base pairs were also exposed to each of these gases and changes (for exampl, the acidity, proton affinity) created in the AT and GC base pairs were examined.The most important properties studied during this project include gas-nucleobase interactions, proton... 

Different catalysts have been proposed for CO oxidation reaction and still many researches are performed to obtain a catalyst with high activity and stability. In this study, MOFs of CuBTC, MIL-101(Cr), and NH2-MIL-101(Cr) and active metal of Pd have been selected and their performances have been investigated in CO oxidation reaction. MOFs have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. Pd loading has been performed by impregnation method in various pH and in aqeous palladium nitrate solution and palladium nitrate solution in nitric acid. To reveal the effect of the nature of noble metal, activity of 1% Pt/MIL has been investigated. Amine-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) has been synthesized by...