Sharif Digital Repository

Traditionally, Iran was looking for development and either in era of oil revenues or before that, it has always faced serious mismatches in realization of plans and indiscipline of definition, allocation of development budgets, and sometimes national and foreign borrowing and in spite of defining development plans from 1971s, today, rare plans have been achieved in an acceptable and defendable manner, meanwhile, Iran’s Islamic Revolution adopted some fact changes in defining concepts like entrepreneurs, wealth, and the government’s share. However, many politicians and environmental activists are seeking sustainable development; environmental campaigners believe that this option is not... 

The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of the effective factors on information satisfaction on customer online shopping behavior in Iran. In this regard, by reviewing the concepts of online shopping, customer behavior and information quality, using regression and structural equation modeling, we examined the role of the effective factors on information satisfaction on customer online shopping behavior in Iran. The statistical population of this study consisted of DJ's customers, their number is estimated to be unlimited, and the sample size was determined using Morgan Krjesy's table to determine the sample size of 384 people who were selected using simple random sampling. A... 

Sanctions are one of the most important variables influencing Iran's domestic and international decision-making and have had many effects on Iran's economy and politics in recent years. Iran's ability to influence the oil market and harm the interests of the sanctioning countries in this market raises the question of whether such a capability could affect the outcome of sanctions and lead to the withdrawal of those sanctioning countries. A theoretical examination of the issue of sanctions using game theory shows that if the sanctioned country is not able to retaliate in areas other than the disputed issue, the sanctions game may not reach an equilibrium in which the sanctions are lifted but... 

Digital technologies are shaping various industries in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, and meanwhile, we are witnessing the faster development of these technologies in the post-Corona period. In the oil industry, digital fields have created a window of opportunity to provide a competitive advantage for reputable oil companies. Realizing the importance of this window of opportunity, the leading oil companies quickly seek to use their capacities in the development of digital technologies such as automation, artificial intelligence, robotics, twins. Digital and fast processing methods are in the context of a digital field to take a step towards digital transformation. National Iranian... 

What is the effect of access to paved roads on farmland rental rates? To answer this question, I estimate the impact of the increase in the share of people in counties that access asphalt roads on irrigated farmland rental rents between 2006 and 2011 in Iran. For this analysis, I construct a county-level panel dataset by combining 2006 and 2011 Iranian census and agricultural data on cropland as well as farmland rental rates and exploit a fixed effects approach. I show that the availability of rural asphalt roads, rural sanded roads, and railroad stations increased irrigated farmland rental rates by 3.4 percent, 4.0 percent, and 1.6 percent, respectively. I also show that the effect of... 

In this research, the price effects of freight announcement salons in the road freight transportation market of Iran have been investigated. The road freight market in Iran has witnessed numerous protests by drivers in recent years. One of the main demands of this group was to establish freight salons in terminals lacking that. Contrary to the opinion of drivers, who believe that freight salons increase parity and remove intermediaries, freight companies believe that this policy reduces competition and quality and increases freight prices. In this study, using the information of waybills (“Baarnameh”) at transaction level, we show that the presence of freight announcement salons increases... 

This research uses the new approach of Son (2003) for the decomposition of poverty in Iran into three separate components of growth, inequality and population effects during 2001 to 2007 and meanwhile uses the integration of microeconomic and macroeconomic data together to increase the accuracy of the results. The main question of this research is to determine the orientation of development strategies for alleviation of poverty in Iran, which could be either growth-oriented or inequality-oriented ones. The resultes suggest that the former has always been pro-poor in Iran and has had the most dominant effect. Therefore, in order to decrease the poverty in Iran in the future, there should be... 

Frontage roads are widely used to separate the main and the local traffic flows in multilane highways. Based on the studies conducted by Texas Transportation Institute, the delay imposed by ramp junction is considered for calculating the average speed in frontage roads in addition to the control delay caused by traffic lights. This delay and the capacity of frontage roads are analysed using gap acceptance theory. In this study, two different sections consisting of a basic section and merge area are selected along Tehran-Karaj special road as case studies and the required data are collected by video recording. After classifying and analysing the data, a wide range of macro traffic-analyses... 

The history of an Episteme is part of that Episteme. Without understanding the history of Episteme, one cannot get the right understanding of the Episteme. In order to understand the current coordinates of philosophy in Iran (as well as understanding the current state of philosophy in Iran), it must examine the history of its emergence and development. Part of the sources of recognition of this history is the “Erlbnis” of those who lived the event. Those who have been trying for its birth and development. Some other sources in understanding this history are the previous published works in this area. Another is the educational effort and the establishment and development of the institutions... 

Power systems aredynamic and complex systems that are always subject to continuous changes and disturbance. Power system stability is a requirement for its satisfactory utilization. High speed Automatic voltage controllers with high gain tend to deteriorate both the electromechanical oscillation damping and small signal stability margin. Power system stabilizer (PSS) is a complementary controller that uses exciter voltage reference modulation to improve the electromechanical oscillation damping and stability margin. Optimal operation of PSS requires appropriate tuning according to the grid and power plant characteristics. In a largepower grid, absence or improper tuning of PSSs may cause one... 

The present study seeks to focus on social entrepreneurs to address how these entrepreneurs continue to have sufficient motivation to overcome the challenges they face in the course of their careers and continue this path. This research has tried to use the concept of self-leadership - which keeps a person motivated to achieve his goals for which he has an inner motivation - to answer this question. So the main research question is how do social entrepreneurs use their leadership in the face of the challenges of their careers? To answer this question, this study used a qualitative research method with an exploratory approach and conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 social... 

This research deals with selection of appropriate acquisition method mainly at a firm level. Technology plays a crucial role in firms competetive advantage and should be managed carefully. Management of technology consists of five major functions: Identification, Evaluation & Selection, Acquisition, Exploitation and Protection. From a practical point of view, acquisition is the most important stage of MOT process. Technology can be acquired through different methods. Deciding on technology acquisition method needs three decisions about Mode, Mechanisim and Operional Model to be determined respectively. There are different modes of acquisition such as internal R&D, technology transfer and... 

This research that examines bi-directional linkage between technology strategy and corporate strategy, addresses both of forward-path and backward-path linkages. In forward path, corporate strategy is the main and starting point and technology has a supporting role for firm’s corporate strategy. On this way, technology strategy is developed based on the corporate overall strategy. On the other way (backward-path), technology (or any other resource in general) is the driving force and basis for corporate strategy. In this way, overall strategy is developed and formulated based on technology strategy. So, this research and its achievements have reported and followed in two distinct parts... 

From the past, oil and gas industry has been among important industries in Iran and a major source of the government income. Hence achieving successful projects in the industry is of great importance for the country’s development and timely completion has always been considered as one of the characteristics of a successful project. Developing oil and gas fields, as it affect all of the other projects in this industry, is construed as crucial.In this regard, from the first oil exploration in Iran, authorities have signed different types of contracts with many contractors to develop oil and gas fields. Nonetheless projects in this industry, as of the projects in the construction industry in... 

Using a micro-based general equilibrium model with four sectors, I introduce a context to study the macroeconomic effects of energy subsidies. I calibrate the model using Iranian energy data, estimating elasticities of substitution and energy shares. Using this calibration, I compare the steady-state results of two compensation plans for energy price reform, tax cuts and cash transfer, explaining the active mechanisms in each scenario and investigating their impact on household welfare and production levels. I calculate that the steady-state energy price in Iran is 40% of regional prices, and we simulate the reform in which prices are increased from this price to regional prices. I conclude... 

Environmental conditions have a significant effect on the performance of flexible pavements. External factors such as precipitation, temperature, freeze-thaw cycles, and depth to water table play a key role in defining the extent of the impact the environment effects on pavement performance. All types of pavement distress are either caused or aggravated by the environmental factors. Up until now, pavement design in Iran is done according to the AASHTO 1993, which is based on methods that have evolved from the AASHTO Road Test that was conducted at one specific geographic location. The newly released Mechanistic Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG) by the addition of climatic input makes... 

Population growth and the escalating use of electric devices have led to a surge in electricity demand. However, the construction of adequate infrastructure to meet this additional demand is highly expensive. To address this issue that sometimes causes power outages, dynamic pricing for electricity, a demand management technique, has gained significant importance. By employing this method, prices can be adjusted on an hourly basis, enabling consumers to regulate their consumption in response to these price fluctuations. The prices can be determined based on different objective functions. This research aims to develop a comprehensive framework for determining the optimal hourly electricity... 

Iran has the second largest gas reserves in the world with huge gas reserves about 32 trillion cubic meters. The expansion of gas exports in recent decades has been accompanied by liquefied natural gas exports, with the LNG industry growing rapidly due to the inability to export gas via pipeline to distant markets. The expansion of the LNG industry around the world, there have been various markets for this product that the Southeast Asian market being the largest market for this product and Japan is the largest importer in this sector.Specific mechanisms of the Japanese market, which have separated it from the rest of the LNG importing countries, are the extension of long-term contracts for... 

The Middle-East with its enormous fossil fuel resources is considered as one of the most important regions with regard to the future world energy outlook. The region produced more than 32% and 16% of the world oil and gas, respectively, in 2012 and contains more than 48% of proven oil and 43% of proven gas reserves in the world and with 78 years of reserves-to-production ratio (RPR or R/P) has a key role in global energy provision. However, the energy issues in the region are intensifying. For instance, the fossil resources are pushed to the second half of their life time due to massive exploitation which results in change in production processes and raises the need for energy investment, on... 

Energy subsidies are one of the most challenging issues for many countries in the world, specially oil and gas exporting countries. Iran is one of the countries that has lost more than ten percent of its GDP due to energy subsidies in recent years. In this thesis, we are going to analyze experiences of different countries and try to provide policy makers with generalizations about this problem so they can implement reform policies more successfully. We have used Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) methodology. This method can provide modest generalizations by using systematic cross-case comparison between a small number of cases. Details of this method and reasons behind choosing it are...