Sharif Digital Repository

This paper is devoted to the characterization of the surface defects using a recently developed AFM technique named as frequency and force modulation AFM (FFM-AFM). The simulated system includes a recently developed gold coated AFM probe which interacts with a sample including single-atom vacancy and impurities. In order to examine the behavior of the above system including different transition metals, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with Sutton-Chen (SC) interatomic potential is used. Along this line, an imaging simulation of the probe and sample is performed, and the effects of the horizontal scan speed, the effective frequency set-point, the cantilever stiffness, the tip-sample rest... 

An ultra-low power frequency-shift keying (FSK) demodulator based on injection-locking ring oscillator for wireless body area networks is presented. The proposed system uses the power-efficient injectionlocking ring oscillator (ILRO) to replace the LC oscillator which occupies much more area on chip with higher power consumption. In addition, through the ILRO, the frequency modulated input signal is converted to a full swing rectangular signal, which can be directly demodulated by a chain of down-conversion passive mixers, lowpass filters and a comparator. Power efficiency and simplicity of the proposed structure eliminate conventional FSK demodulator based on power-hungry phase locked... 

Energy storage is one of the most important components of renewable energy systems. Among different methods, thermal energy storage (TES) in forms of sensible or latent has been the subject of many studies in the past decades. The main difficulty in optimal design of storage tanks is associated with low thermal conductivity of the storing (solid or phase change) material. In fact, the distribution of thermal energy from a source to the body of storing material poses a volume to point problem which is the subject of constructal theory. Therefore, the objective of the present paper is to investigate the transient behavior of a rectangular thermal energy storage tank equipped with fin... 

Leakage current is originated from common-mode voltage (CMV) time variations in a grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system and results in several deficiencies. In this paper, a new method is proposed for CMV reduction in a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) system. The proposed method is based on space vector modulation and it utilizes only odd and zero vectors. By using the proposed method, the number of fluctuations of the CMV waveform per switching cycle is reduced; therefore, the amount of high-frequency harmonics of CMV is decreased. In addition, because of applying both active and zero vectors by the proposed method, the total harmonic distortion becomes less than most of other... 

Z-source family has been widespread in photovoltaic (PV) applications. In trasformerless grid-connected PV systems, the common mode voltage (CMV) time variations, cause the leakage current flow. This current flows through the stray capacitance of the PV panels. For a Z-Source Inverter (ZSI), the CMV would have higher high-frequency harmonics, due to the shoot through states within the switching cycles. In this paper, the CMV of a ZSI is analyzed and a simple method is proposed for the harmonic reduction of the CMV in the ZSI. The CMV reduction method is based on changing the switching states. The CMV in reduced method is compared to the CMV in the traditional ZSI in frequency domain by using... 

Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D CRT) are two treatment modalities in prostate cancer, which provide acceptable dose distribution in tumor region with sparing the surrounding normal tissues. IMRT is based on inverse planning optimization; in which, intensity of beams is modified by using multileaf collimators and also compensators with optimum shapes in step and shoot (SAS) and compensator-based method, respectively. In the recent study, some important parameters were compared in two IMRT and 3D CRT methods. Prescribed dose was 80 Gy for both IMRT procedures and 70 Gy for 3D CRT. Treatment plans of 15 prostate cancer... 

In the classical parametrization of the single-diode model of photovoltaic (PV) cells and modules based on the datasheet values, first, the values of the five unknown parameters of the PV model are extracted via the values of the open-circuit voltage Voc, the short-circuit current Isc, and the voltage and current at the maximum power point Vm, Im at standard test conditions (STC). Next, using some translational formulas, the STC values of the unknown parameters are projected to the new climatic conditions other than STC. A major problem of this approach is to determine the translational formulas of the five unknown parameters of the single-diode model as a function of both temperature and... 

An essential requirement for performing robotic assisted surgery on a freely beating heart is a prediction algorithm which can estimate the future trajectory of the heart in the varying heart rate (HR) conditions of real surgery with a high accuracy. In this study, a hybrid amplitude modulation- (AM) and autoregressive- (AR) based algorithm was developed to enable estimating the global and local oscillations of the beating heart, raised from its major and minor physiological activities. The AM model was equipped with an estimator of the heartbeat frequency to compensate for the HR variations. The RMS of the prediction errors of the hybrid algorithm was in the range of 165–361 μm for the... 

A major problem in a multiple output converter structure is the different power flow via its various outputs. This problem leads to unwanted input DC-link voltage. This paper studies full bridge based DC-DC converters with multiple outputs. The effect of power flow variation is studied and a regenerative converter topology which controls the DC-link voltage by space voltage vector modulation technique is proposed. The proposed converter has a fast response to control the DC-link voltage in an acceptable band. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the analytical studies. © 2018 IEEE  

The leakage current originated from the fluctuations of the common-mode voltage (CMV) is an issue in a transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system. In this paper, a modified space vector modulation based on the Fourier transform analysis is proposed to reduce the leakage current in a three-phase quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI). The CMV harmonic content in a qZSI contains low and high-frequency harmonics which cause safety and EMI problems respectively. By implementing the proposed modulation in a three-phase qZSI, the low-frequency harmonics of the CMV are mainly reduced. The distribution of the high-frequency harmonics is also modified in a way they can be simply filtered.... 

Considering the important role of the ambiguity function (AF) of a signal regarding the performance of a matched filter bank for the detection of targets and the estimation of their ranges and velocities, the thumbtack shape is assumed to be the desirable shape of the AF and the method of least squares for the synthesis of the AF is introduced. Then, an iterative method for the allocation of a proper phase to the desired AF is proposed to obtain better results. This method is then applied to select the proper codes for the synthesis of pulsed orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing signals. It is also shown how this method can reduce sidelobes, almost uniformly, throughout the entire... 

With a complete accounting of hydrodynamic forces on the translational-radial dynamics of a moving single-bubble sonoluminescence, temporal evolution of the bubble trajectory is investigated. In this paper, by using quasi-adiabatic evolution for the bubble interior, the bubble peak temperature at the bubble collapse is calculated. The peak temperature changes because of the bubble translational motion. The numerical results indicate that the strength of the bubble collapse is affected by its translational movement. At the bubble collapse, translational movement of the bubble is accelerated because of the increase in the added mass force on the bubble. It is shown that the magnitude of the... 

Based on the dynamic criteria for data stability, we introduce segmented virtual grounding architecture with extended read, write noise margin to realize a low leakage current, energy efficient SRAM module. The architecture offers subthreshold operation for the entire module, except for the selected segments. In addition, a new operational mode for the SRAM cell is introduced which allows only the bitlines of the selected columns to be discharged in an operation. The stability of the cells is enhanced in both read and write operation by controlling the cell access time and cell supply voltage, respectively. A 2048$, imes,$20 bit eSRAM unit is implemented in a regular 0.13 $muhbox{m} $ CMOS... 

The maximally flat (MF) fractional delay (FD) filter which is in fact a Lagrange interpolator for uniformly sampled signals, has previously been shown to be equal to the scaled binomially windowed shifted version of the sinc function; the ideal interpolation kernel for band-limited signals. In this paper, another proof for this equivalence is presented. Unlike its counterparts available in the literature, the proof given here is neither strictly algebraic, nor deploys the explicit coefficient formulas of the MFFD filter. It follows a frequency domain approach based on the definition of this filter instead, and aims to provide more insight into the corresponding equivalence. © 2009 Elsevier... 

The multistep release of therapeutic agents in the theranostic particulate systems has remained as a challenge in smart drug delivery. In this study, superparamagnetic nanoparticles of Fe3O4 were coated with a blend of F127/F68 grades of pluronic in order to adjust the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) and consequently engineering of the release temperature. Pluronic as a biocompatible thermo-sensitive polymer is frequently used as a self-emulsifying drug delivery system. Magnetite nanoparticles with double layer coating of oleic acid and pluronic F127 have been reported as an on-demand smart carrier for hydrophobic drugs. LCST was examined using differential scanning calorimetry... 

Online monitoring of inter-area oscillations is a vital need for secure operation of large-scale power systems. This paper aims at online estimation of inter-area modes by a novel stabilized fast transversal recursive least squares (SFTRLS) filter running on ambient power system data received from phasor measurement units. The SFTRLS filter is a fast finite-impulse response adaptive filter that is widely used in communication applications, such as noise and echo cancelation. It has the lowest computational complexity among least-squares filters and directly calculates coefficients of the parametric model selected for identifying a system under study. In the proposed method, the SFTRLS filter... 

The leakage current originated from the fluctuations of the common-mode voltage (CMV) is an issue in a transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic system. In this paper, a modified space vector modulation based on the Fourier transform analysis is proposed to reduce the leakage current in a three-phase quasi-Z-source inverter (qZSI). The CMV harmonic content in a qZSI contains low-and high-frequency harmonics that cause safety and electromagnetic interference problems, respectively. By implementing the proposed modulation in a three-phase qZSI, the low-frequency harmonics of the CMV are mainly reduced. The distribution of the high-frequency harmonics is also modified in a way they can be... 

Wound-Rotor (WR) resolvers are similar to two-phase synchronous generators. Their difference is related to the excitation signal. While DC voltage is used for exciting synchronous generator, high frequency AC voltage is employed for that of resolver. The common waveform for excitation signal of resolver is sinusoidal voltage. However, preparing the high frequency sinusoidal voltage in the resolver to digital converter (RDC) is always a challenge. Therefore, in this paper different high frequency AC waveforms are applied as the excitation signal of the resolver and the estimated position, resulted from RDC, is discussed. The aim of this work is to find an appropriate excitation waveform that... 

In modern wireless near-filed power and data telemetry systems such as Implantable Medical Devices (IMD), a data rate of several Mbps is required, while the power carrier frequency is limited to few MHz. Therefore, bit rate is comparable to carrier frequency, and the modulated power carrier signal has amplitude, frequency, or phase variation in every cycle. In this paper a very fast amplitude shift keying (ASK) demodulator circuit is presented. The proposed demodulator is able to demodulate a cycle by cycle ASK modulated signal, and a data-rate-to-carrier (DRC) ratio of 100% is achievable. The circuit extracts the clock by limiting the incoming ASK signal. Cycle by cycle demodulation is done... 

In this paper, the performance of the class-J mode power amplifier (PA) is studied when an auxiliary network performs active load modulation on the main transistor. Load modulation is realized by injecting an additional class-C like current with conduction angle of $alpha $ to the drain node of the main transistor. The injected current employs a phase shift of $phi $ with respect to the half-sinusoidal current of the main transistor, and its maximum value is tuned with the size of the transistor used in the auxiliary network. Detailed theoretical formulations are presented for the optimal load impedances of the PA at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies. Furthermore, the output...