Sharif Digital Repository

Hybrid vehicles have many advantages, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, saving fuel, and optimizing energy use. Proper routing for hybrid vehicles can improve fuel efficiency, increase energy efficiency, and even extend the life of electric batteries. In this study, two routing modes, offline and online, are introduced. The offline mode guides the vehicle from the starting point to the destination by using satellite traffic data and geological information such as slope information. In the online mode, the vehicle, with the ability to receive signals from surrounding vehicles (V2V), such as a breakdown of the vehicle in front, and considering concepts such as traffic, the presence... 

In the current era, the urgent need to reduce the use of fossil fuels and limit carbon emissions has highlighted the importance of shifting from traditional gasoline-powered vehicles to electric vehicles. The evolving landscape and challenges in the field of electric vehicles highlight the importance of ensuring the safety and reliability of energy storage systems. Lithium-ion batteries play a central role in electric vehicle technology, requiring thorough research efforts. Notably, the detection of internal short circuit, a common issue in lithium-ion batteries, has become a focus of researchers in recent years. This study aims to investigate the internal short circuit fault in lithium-ion... 

Nuclear batteries have been attractive since the beginning of the twentieth century due to their longer life in comparison with other types of batteries. These batteries are produced in different types with different efficiencies depending on the method used to convert their energy. In this study, due to the lack of the resources in the country to study the types of nuclear batteries, first we did an overview of the classification and operation of different types of nuclear batteries, especially on the latest type of nuclear batteries, PIDEC, that has not been studied in the country so far. The most important feature of a PIDEC is that it has an intermediate stage to transmit the maximum... 

Although much progress has been made in eliminating, conserving, and reducing migration and emissions of radioactive materials, the risk of radioactive material release into the environment is still one of the most important hazards in the use of nuclear energy. In this study, graphene compounds have been used as adsorbents for the removal of radioactive materials due to their high level, cost-effectiveness and simplicity of the synthesis process of various composites. In this regard, the removal of strontium and cobalt by graphene compounds has been investigated. Magnetite nanoparticles were anchored on the surface of graphene by sol-gel method and adsorption in batch mode was investigated.... 

Batteries have always been used as one of the most important sources of electricity storage and supply. Among different types of batteries, lithium-ion batteries are widely used in various fields and engineering applications due to their high-density energy/power, high discharge/charge rate, and long life. The most common of these applications are using these batteries in all-electric and hybrid vehicles, which reduce environmental problems. Due to the high cost of these types of batteries and the environmental issues of battery decomposition, researchers are seeking to discover long-lasting batteries that lithium titanate oxide batteries have the most extended lifespan among lithium-ion... 

Using energy storage systems has been remarkably improved the energy systems efficiency and reliability indicators of the system and also reduced the operating costs of these systems. Thus using them in an energy system would count as an advantage. Lately, the procedure of implementation of these systems has been studied widely and various motives behind implementing them have been reviewed. For example, the effect of cost optimization in electrical vehicles on reliability indicators from the load management perspective can be addressed. Therefore this thesis has studied the effect of electrical and thermal storage systems on the reliability indicators of an energy hub and the effect of... 

Energy storage systems are expected to play an important role in future renewable-based power systems. Recently, lithium-ion batteries have been attracting considerable attention as alternative energy storage systems due to their advantages. In this study, viability of battery storage systems as large-scale energy storage systems is studied in the context of a residential energy hub. A stochastic optimization problem is proposed for energy management of the energy hub where wind generation and demand are considered uncertain. In order to account for the degradation costs of the battery storage system, a data-driven State-of-health prediction model is developed based on the relevance vector... 

The operating conditions of the battery in renewable energy systems affect its electrochemical behavior and degradation process. Recent research mainly estimates battery lifetime through conventional methods such as counting the number of equivalent battery life cycles or based on simple experimental models that may lead to optimistic predictions in battery service period. In this study, a reduced-order thermoelectrochemical-aging battery model is developed for the application of renewable energy systems and the battery degradation analysis is investigated by this model. The proposed microscopic model evaluates the effect of battery operating conditions such as state of charge, current and... 

Lithium ion battery is one of the innovative and emerging technologies in energy sector that has played a major role in electricity supply security by integration of renewable energy technologies in electrical grid, implementation of electrical transportation system and de-carbonation of the both sectors in recent years. On the other hand, the formation of the potential market of technology as one of the functions of the technological innovation system plays an essential role in creation and advancement of innovation in the energy sector. Therefore, in this thesis, the development of lithium ion battery technology in Iran has been investigated from the perspective of the technology market in... 

Occurrence of natural disasters such as flood, windstorms, tsunamis and earthquakes has caused striking effects on critical infrastructures like power systems in recent decades. There are some examples of high-impact low-possibility (HILP) events which causes catastrophic effects on power systems. Traditionally, planning and operational studies of power system have been run taking into account some reliability metrics. Although, the reliability indices can represent the ability of a system in confronting with possible failures of components, they are unable to efficiently consider the effects of severe events such as earthquake and other HILP events. Moreover, traditional power systems were... 

The advantages of using solar energy, including absence of environmental pollution, renewability, availability, ease of installation and use, and has attracted much attention of researchers. Expanding the use of solar energy in remote areas where national grid coverage is weak, makes off-grid inverter vital role clear. The swinging nature of solar energy requires the use of electrical energy storage and battery charger for optimum energy extraction in a technically and economically manner. The aim of this project is to develop a Smart Charger in Standalone Solar Inverter. Charger circuit design has been done in order to accommodate a 4kW inverter. Selected Charger topology is the... 

Energy and environment crisis in past decades raised concerns about fossil fuels use and has accelerated renewable energy application in terms of solar electric, solar thermal and wind turbines. Due to the fluctuating nature in renewable resources, renewable electric power generation has a stochastic nature that makes it difficult to use by the electricity consumers. Energy storage plays a key role to put more control on renewable power generation.Lead-acid battery is a storage technology that is widely used in photovoltaic systems. Battery investment and maintenance costs account for a big part of photovoltaic system costs. Charging and discharging profiles of the battery has a great impact... 

Focusing on fossil fuel to secure energy demand lead to big challenges. Hydrogen as alternative for fossil fuel has attracted a lot of attentions. Fuel cell with an electrochemical reaction which it’s byproducts are water and heat convert Hydrogen into electricity. High efficiency and low environmental pollution, persuade many researchers toward fuel cell commercialization. But problems such as high cost, high power oscillation and inertia, avoid fuel cell from significant development. One way to deal with these problems is using the fuel cell and battery hybrid system. In recent decade too many research has been made in utilizing this hybrid system in transportation. This project... 

Inappropriate effects of fossil fuels and conventional power generation systems on the environment have necessitated a sustainable energy system for the next decade by growing interests in renewable energy systems. The world’s most fast-growing renewable energy resource is the wind energy. The main problem of wind power is the power fluctuations at the load side caused by the variable nature of wind speed, and the main issue in case of remote locations is the long-term storage of power generated by wind turbines. Batteries can be used to store a limited amount of energy for a short time. Although new advances in this field have been achieved, most common type of batteries is hardly able to... 

Embedded systems usually have severe limitations on power consumption. One of the reasons is that many embedded systems are battery operated. On the other hand, the battery is a non-linear source of energy, where the lifetime depends on how the system drains power from the battery, or in other words, the battery lifetime is dependent on battery discharge current curve. The nonlinear behavior of batteries is due to their inherent characteristics, where the rate capacity and the recovery effects are believed as the two most well-known and important factors. Also, embedded systems are usually fanless with limited cooling equipment, therefore temperature management is a prominent issue in these... 

The elastic field is one of the challenges in optimizing the lifetime and capacity of the lithium-ion batteries. Graphite nanoparticles have been widely used in Li-ion batteries, due to their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. During the lithiation, chemical reactions occurred in the electrolyte, which forms a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) in the surrounding of nanoparticles as well as stress fields inside the nanoparticles. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the surface/interface on diffusion induced stresses(DIS) within core-shell nanosphere due to non-uniform distribution of eigenstrain fields. Due to the mechanical behavior of the phases,... 

The elastic field is one of the challenges in optimizing the lifetime and capacity of the lithiumion batteries. Graphite nanoparticles have been widely used in Li-ion batteries, due to their mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. During the lithiation, chemical reactions occurred in the electrolyte, which forms a solid electrolyte interphase(SEI) in the surrounding of nanoparticles as well as stress fields inside the nanoparticles. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the surface/interface on diffusion induced stresses(DIS) within core-shell nanosphere due to non-uniform distribution of eigenstrain fields. Due to the mechanical behavior of the phases,... 

Lithium-ion batteries have the ability to store a significant amount of energy and work at high power, which has led to the wide spread of their use in various industries. In high-power applications, battery heat management increases lifespan, safety, and reduces battery power loss. In this study, the heat management of a very common and widely used 18650 battery using multi-layered phase change material has been investigated. The reason for using multiple layers is that each phase change material has its own weaknesses in addition to its advantages. It is expected that with the proper use of several phase change materials in the thermal management system, the materials will reduce the... 

In Li-ion batteries, large volume changes of electrodes with high capacity, such as silicon electrodes during charging and discharging processes (insertion/extraction of lithium into/from the electrode), lead to restrictions on the use of this type of electrode. Given the very high capacity of silicon, predicting and modeling the behavior of silicon electrodes during electrochemical cycles is important and is also addressed in this thesis. First, using the theory of linear elasticity, relations are proposed that couple the diffusion of particles with small elastic deformation. The effect of hydrostatic stress on diffusion and stresses is investigated in lithiation processes. Then, the... 

In this study, three active, passive, and hybrid thermal management systems are applied to a lithium battery module with industrial specifications, i.e., Tesla battery module, and the optimal conditions are extracted. The thermal and electrochemical behavior of battery cells is modeled using the quasi-two-dimensional approach by Newman’s method. The effects of inter-cellular distance on the maximum temperature and on the temperature distribution in the pack as the target variables are thoroughly investigated. A suitable range for the above distances is then determined in order to reduce the overall cooling power and the expected thermal performance of the pack. The results of temperature...