Sharif Digital Repository

The van der Walls interaction between a carbon nanotube sheet (CNTS) and a rare gas atom, is studied using both atomistic and continuum approaches. We present analytical expressions for the van der Waals energy of continuous nanotubes interacting with a rare gas atom. It is found that the continuum approach does not properly treat the effect of atomistic configurations on the energy surfaces. The energy barriers are small as compared to the thermal energy, which implies the free motion above the CNTS in heights about one nanometer. In contrast to the energy surface of a graphene sheet, the honeycomb lattice structure in the energy surface of a CNTS is imperceivable. Defects alter the energy... 

Analytical expressions are given for zeroth-order diffraction efficiencies of metallic gratings with slanted and straight slit arrays at microwave and terahertz frequencies when the slit width is small enough to ensure that non-principal eigenmodes supported by the slit remain below cut-off. These expressions show that at lower normalized frequencies when the grating is zeroth order and all off-specular diffraction orders are evanescent, metallic slit arrays with slanted and straight walls could become identical to each other whenever certain relation is held between the geometrical parameters of the two structures. A noteworthy advantage of juxtaposing slanted and slit arrays is that it... 

A coding scheme for transmission of a bit maps a given bit to a sequence of channel inputs (called the codeword associated with the transmitted bit). In this paper, we study the problem of designing the best code for a discrete Poisson channel with memory (under peak-power and total-power constraints). The outputs of a discrete Poisson channel with memory are Poisson distributed random variables with a mean comprising of a fixed additive noise and a linear combination of past input symbols. Assuming a maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder, we search for a codebook that has the smallest possible error probability. This problem is challenging because error probability of a code does not have a... 

A coding scheme for transmission of a bit maps a given bit to a sequence of channel inputs (called the codeword associated with the transmitted bit). In this paper, we study the problem of designing the best code for a discrete Poisson channel with memory (under peak-power and total-power constraints). The outputs of a discrete Poisson channel with memory are Poisson distributed random variables with a mean comprising of a fixed additive noise and a linear combination of past input symbols. Assuming a maximum-likelihood (ML) decoder, we search for a codebook that has the smallest possible error probability. This problem is challenging because error probability of a code does not have a... 

Capture of the discrete nature of crystalline solids for the purpose of the determination of their mechanical behavior with high precision is of interest. To achieve this objective, two fundamental contributing factors are on top of the list: (1) formulation in the mathematical framework of an appropriate higher order continuum theory rather than using classical treatment, and (2) incorporation of the true anisotropy of the media. The present work revisits Toupin–Mindlin first strain gradient theory for media with general anisotropy, and then specialize it to cubic crystals of hexoctahedral class. This formulation in addition to 3 classical material constants encountered in classical theory... 

The mechanism of gold nanowire (AuNW) and nanotube (AuNT) electrodeposition in a cyanide-free solution is investigated for the first time based on the analytical model of Szabo et al. (A. Szabo et al., J. Electroanal. Chem. 217 (1987) 417) for recessed cylindrical ultramicroelectrode (UME). Track-etched Polycarbonate Template (PCT) is served as cylindrical UME ensemble/arrays. Firstly, Au is nucleated through a charge transfer step and when the Nernst thickness exceeds the pore length, the radial diffusion is established around pore mouths. By overlapping of these domains, the planar diffusion toward the whole PCT surface is obtained. An analytic expression for global diffusion coefficient... 

In this paper, we study theoretically the generation of high repetition rate short pulses using fiber optical parametric amplification. We show that the pulse shape and duration depend on the signal location relatively to the pump frequency. We demonstrate that in order to get the shortest pulse width, the signal must be located at one of the extremities of the gain spectrum associated with the pump peak power. We derive the analytical expression of the pulse shape in this case and compare it to the exponential gain regime case. Using numerical simulations, we also analyze the impact of walk-off and pump phase modulation that is required to suppress Stimulated Brillouin Scattering and derive... 

We introduce the capture effect concept in microwave photonic links (MWPLs) for the first time to our knowledge. The capture effect or the small-signal suppression is the change in the amplitude ratio of the two signals between input and output of the intensity-modulation direct-detection (IMDD) MWPLs. An analytical explanation of the performance of external IMDD MWPLs due to the effects of nonlinearity combined with sum of several input sinusoidal signals is given.We have investigated the suppression of a weaker signal in these links. General analytic expression for the small-signal suppression is derived using a nonlinear analytical approach. We show that the small-signal suppression is... 

In this paper, a size-dependent formulation is presented for Timoshenko beams made of a functionally graded material (FGM). The formulation is developed on the basis of the modified couple stress theory. The modified couple stress theory is a non-classic continuum theory capable to capture the small-scale size effects in the mechanical behavior of structures. The beam properties are assumed to vary through the thickness of the beam. The governing differential equations of motion are derived for the proposed modified couple-stress FG Timoshenko beam. The generally valid closed-form analytic expressions are obtained for the static response parameters. As case studies, the static and free... 

In this paper, using the continuum approximation together with Lennard-Jones potential, a new semi-analytical expression is given to evaluate the van der Waals interaction between two single-walled carbon nanotubes. Based on this expression, two new formulations are also proposed to model multi-walled carbon nanotubes. In the first one, the interactions between each pair of shells from the inner and outer tubes are summed up over all of the pairs, whereas in the second formulation, a set of correction factors are applied to convert the results of double-walled carbon nanotubes to the correlated multi-walled ones. With respect to the present formulations, extensive studies on the variations... 

Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MSMAs) are a category of active materials which can be excited by magnetic field. These alloys have been used in sensor and actuator applications recently. MSMAs possess special properties such as large magnetic field-induced strains (up to %10) and high actuation frequency (about 1kHz), while ordinary shape memory alloys can't act in frequencies above 5Hz due to the time involved with heat transformation. In this paper, MSMAs are modeled by an incremental modeling approach which utilizes different secant moduli for different parts of stress-strain curve. Furthermore, stress-strain curve of MSMAs is approximated using an analytical expression. The incremental... 

A simulation tool, based on Ray Tracing method, has been developed and validated for millimeter-wave band. This tool helps for predicting the signal level as well as the delay characteristics of a propagation channel. Since the resultant of the received replicas of the transmitted signal at receiver point can experience a deep fade and consequently the quality degradation, a proper diversity method can effectively alleviate this drawback. Using this simulation tool and extracting the received wave characteristics in a street scenario, an analytical expression for predicting the space diversity gain for the Selection Combining technique and Maximal-Ratio Combining technique has been proposed  

In this study, several analytical expressions are obtained for the vibrational characteristics of a Jeffcott model for micro-rotor systems based on the strain gradient theory to investigate the small-scale effects on the model. The Jeffcott model consists of a massless microrotating shaft and a disk as a rotor with eccentricity. The disk is mounted on the middle of the shaft. Two second-order differential equations associated with the oscillating motion of the rotor in the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis are presented and transformed into a complex form. The stiffness of the system is determined by obtaining the deflection of a strain-gradient-based nonrotating microbeam... 

The Analytic 6 D.O.F. dynamic model of a helicopter is developed for 3D computer generated imagery simulator. Analytic expressions for the forces and moments on the various helicopter components are derived. By using the forces and moments equilibrium, helicopter trim point is determined using Newton's method of solving the nonlinear set of trim equations. The equations of motion for the fuselage six degree of freedom are assembled by applying Newton's law of motion relating the applied forces and moments to the resulting translational and rotational acceleration. Visual C++ programming software, utilized as a platform will interact to MATLAB Aircraft Instrument ActiveX and 3DSTATE for... 

In the present work, an analytical solution is presented for the scattering of transverse surface waves by a homogeneous piezoelectric fiber contained in a functionally graded piezoelectric half-space with exponential variation. The boundary value problem of interest is solved by constructing an appropriate set of multipole functions which satisfy: (a) the electromechanical field equations in the half-space, (b) the boundary conditions along its free surface, and (c) the far-filed radiation conditions. It is shown that the simple poles of these functions are related to the roots of the pertinent dispersion relation. For the case of electrically short condition along the free surface of the... 

Multicast service is considered as a useful transmission mode for future mobile social services to deliver the traffic to multiple mobile users simultaneously. Device-to-device (D2D) multicast communication enables multiple proximate users to share the contents of their common interests directly. This paper aims to present a relay selection scheme for multi-source network-coded D2D multicast communication underlying heterogeneous cellular network which consists of macrocells and femtocells. We propose two methods for selecting efficient relays from the set of femtocell base stations (FBSs). The first method, named destination-blind relay selection, identifies those idle FBSs that can... 

In this paper, a new structure for the rotor of the Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine (BDFM) is introduced to reduce the machine's torque ripple. The ripple has a considerable effect on the machine start up. At the first section of the paper, analytical expressions for the air gap permeance distribution, the air gap MMF distribution, cogging torque and back EMF are presented. Then, the effects of skewing the rotor loops are analyzed. Finally, the relation between non-skewed quantities and their values in skewed coordinate are introduced  

Ground-state fidelity (GSF) and quantum renormalization group (QRG) theory have proven to be useful tools in the study of quantum critical systems. Here we lay out a general, unified formalism of GSF and QRG; specifically, we propose a method for calculating GSF through QRG, obviating the need for calculating or approximating ground states. This method thus enhances the characterization of quantum criticality as well as scaling analysis of relevant properties with system size. We illustrate the formalism in the one-dimensional Ising model in a transverse field (ITF) and the anisotropic spin-1/2 Heisenberg (XXZ) model. Explicitly, we find the scaling behavior of the GSF for the ITF model in... 

Chaotic vibrations of a bistable resonator comprised of doubly clamped shallow arch under simultaneous harmonic AC and static DC distributed electrostatic actuation are investigated. A single degree of freedom model obtained by application of the Galerkin decomposition method to the Euler-Bernoulli shallow arch equation is used for the studies. The bistable arch possessing an asymmetric double-well potential is vulnerable to homoclinic chaos at certain values of parameters. We have implemented the Melnikov's method to derive a necessary condition for the initiation of chaos in this type of resonators. Moreover, we have used a heuristic chaos prediction criterion, together with an analytical... 

Local noise can produce quantum correlations on an initially classically correlated state, provided that it is not represented by a unital or semiclassical channel. We find the power of any given local channel for producing quantum correlations on an initially classically correlated state. We introduce a computable measure for quantifying the quantum correlations in quantum-classical states, which is based on the noncommutativity of ensemble states in one party of the composite system. Using this measure we show that the amount of quantum correlations produced is proportional to the classical correlations in the initial state. The power of an arbitrary channel for producing quantum...