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- Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
- Language: Farsi
- Document No: 47427 (06)
- University: Sharif University of Technology
- Department: Chemical and Petroleum Engineering
- Advisor(s): Massihi, Mohsen; Ayatollahi, Shahaboddin
- Abstract:
- Water in oil emulsion usually forms during natural water encroachment or enhanced oil recovery processes due to the reaction between asphaltenic and naphthenic acid part of oil with brine in some heavy oil reservoirs. This results in major production challenges because of high w/o emulsion viscosity which leads to significant pressure drops. Therefore, it is essential to investigate the dominant mechanisms of w/o emulsion flow in porous media to overcome the production challenges. In the present study, w/o emulsion behavior is investigated through both static and dynamic tests. The w/o emulsion was prepared through mixing of a crude with brine using magnet stirrer. Emulsion stability analyzes was performed with different brine composition and different brine concentration in static tests. Moreover, the pressure drop behavior of w/o emulsion with different water content, different brine composition and different brine concentration was recorded before and after water flooding in micromodel dynamic tests. The results were qualitatively assessed through visual observations in glass-etched micro model. It was found that as the water content of emulsion increases, the water droplet accumulation, hence the w/o emulsion viscosity, increases which results in significant pressure drop and also pressure fluctuation. Water flooding performance of emulsion also showed that as the water content of emulsion increases, breakthrough time decreases due to the unfavorable mobility ratio, and pressure fluctuation significantly increased at high water contents. Stability analyzes revealed that as the brine concentration increases, the extent of electrical double layer decreases which results in large w/o emulsion droplet. The large water droplet can easily trap in the pore and throats of porous media by means of both straining and interception mechanisms, and results in fluid saturation redistribution. Hence, significant pressure drop and pressure fluctuation were experienced during waterflooding of w/o emulsions. Some of the trapped droplets can re entrain to the main flow stream at higher injection rates, which results in higher emulsion recovery. Totally, the pressure drop behavior at all conditions was in good agreement with the visual observation of emulsion flow which was explained from the view point of deep bed filtration theory. Comsol Dataphysics was used to model the w/o emulsion flow and its water flooding in glass micromodel which was then verified by the experimental results
- Keywords:
- Pressure Fluctuation ; Asphaltene ; Water-in-oil Emulsion ; Water Flooding ; Deep-bed Filtration ; Micromodel ; Viscosity ; Production Efficiency
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