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Gel combustion synthesis of fluorine-doped tin oxide and its characteristics: applying D-optimal factorial design of experiment

Malek, S ; Sharif University of Technology | 2019

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1007/s12034-019-1769-5
  3. Publisher: Indian Academy of Sciences , 2019
  4. Abstract:
  5. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) nano-powders were synthesized by a gel combustion method. To analyse the effect of processing factors and their interactions and to achieve an equation for nano-powder particle size in terms of code factors, D-optimal factorial design was used. Stannous chloride penta-hydride, ammonium fluoride and citric acid were used to synthesize the FTO nano-powders. The structure, morphology and composition of the synthesized powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results revealed the formation of homogenous FTO nano-powders with an average particle size of 20 nm and equiaxed morphology in the concentration of precursor 0.2, citric acid to precursor molar ratio of 1 and pH of 0.5. The average particle size increased as the concentration of the precursor, citric acid to precursor molar ratio and pH increased from 0.2 to 1, 1 to 3 and 0.5 to 3, respectively. Citric acid to precursor molar ratio, concentration of the precursor and the pH had the most significant effect on the synthesis of the FTO nano-powders, respectively. © 2019, Indian Academy of Sciences
  6. Keywords:
  7. D-optimal factorial design ; FTO ; Gel combustion ; Chlorine compounds ; Citric acid ; Combustion synthesis ; Design of experiments ; Field emission microscopes ; Fluorine compounds ; Molar ratio ; Morphology ; Nanocomposites ; Optimal systems ; Particle size ; Particle size analysis ; Powders ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Solar cells ; Textures ; Tin oxides ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy ; Average particle size ; Factorial design ; Field emission scanning electron microscopy ; Fluorine doped tin oxide ; Gel combustion synthesis ; Gel-combustion method ; Morphology and composition ; Molar concentration
  8. Source: Bulletin of Materials Science ; Volume 42, Issue 3 , 2019 ; 02504707 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12034-019-1769-5