Sharif Digital Repository

By making aligned and suspended copper nanowires, a high performance, transferable, and flexible transparent electrode is reported. Indium tin oxide is often used in devices such as displays, solar cells, and touchscreens that require transparent and conductive plates. Because of problems such as brittleness, high cost, and environmental effects, this material is facing rivals, the most serious of which are metallic nanowire meshes, especially copper. We developed a simple technique which uses a U-shaped collector in the electrospinning process with three advantages including the enhancement of the figure of merit (which is related to the surface resistance Rs and the transmittance T) by... 

In this paper, CuInSe 2 (CIS) nanostructures have been synthesized via a solvothermal method using diethyamine as a solvent. Various morphologies of CuInSe 2 were obtained from the reaction of cupric chloride, indium chloride and selenium powder by changing the solvothermal conditions. The effect of the experimental parameters such as reaction time, temperature and concentration of the selenium powder were studied. The crystalline structures and morphologies of the products were characterized by means of X- ray diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) techniques, respectively. The results show that the morphology and dimensions of the CIS nanostructures... 

In this paper a method for detecting out of vocabulary words in isolated word recognizers is introduced, our method utilized new kinds of confidence measure. After recognition task was completed and consequently confidence measure was extracted, a classifier would accept or reject result of recognition task using this CM. We used two different kinds of confidence measure where for extracting each one a different information source was used. Amount of competition between hypotheses through the recognition task was used for extracting first CM. The second one was extracted using information about manner of distribution of feature vectors in the states of winner HMM model. Both of these CMs... 

Pd 2+-doped TiO 2 thin films with mesoporous structure were produced on quartz substrate by sol-gel dip coating. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the film were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV/vis transmittance spectroscopy. By increasing the Pd 2+ concentration from 0 to 6 mol%, the crystallites appeared solely as the anatase phase and their average sizes decreased from 10.5 to 7.1 nm. Addition of Pd 2+ also resulted in increasing of the specific surface area and decreasing of the pore size of the layer. The transmittance of the films decreased in the... 

TiO2 thin films with mesoporous structure were deposited on quartz substrate by sol-gel dip coating. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), simultaneous thermal analysis (STA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV/Vis transmittance spectroscopy. Crystallization of the anatase phase was initiated at 300°C. Its transformation to the rutile phase occurred at 700°C. Anatase and rutile crystallites initially sized 3.2 and 15.3nm, respectively. The anatase phase was under tension; but the rutile phase was... 

In the recent years, many researchers have been interested in nanoparticles because of their unique properties. In this study, a method for producing ZnO nanoparticle colloids is proposed. The colloids were characterized by spectroscopic analyzer. By absorption spectrum study, we found out that colloids were consisted of nanoparticles with less than 10 nanometer size. The quantum confinement effect in these spectrums was recognized through blue shift of onset absorption wavelengths. These wavelengths shift from 370 nm to 340 nm by decreasing the particles size. Transmittion electron micrographs showed formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles  

We studied the effects of the surrounding liquid environment on the size and optical properties of silver nanoparticles prepared by laser ablation by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser operated at 1.064 nm. The silver targets used were kept in acetone, water and ethanol. TEM observations and optical extinction were employed for characterization of particle size, shape and optical properties, respectively. Nano silver in acetone showed a narrow size distribution with a mean size of 5 nm and the colloidal solution was stable. In deionised water a rather narrow size distribution with a mean size of 13 nm was observed and nanoparticles were precipitated slowly after about two weeks. In ethanol, a broadening... 

In recent years, quantum dots (QDs) have been widely used in upcoming nanotechnology-based solar cells, light-emitting diodes and even bioimaging, due to their tunable optical properties and excellent quantum yields. But, such nanostructures are currently constituted by heavy elements which can threat the human health and living environment. Hence, in this work, the in vivo effects of CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) (as one of the promising QDs) on spermatozoa of male mice and subsequently on fertility of female mice were investigated, for the first time. To do this, CdTe NCs were synthesized through an environment-friendly (aqueous-based solution) method. The sperm cells presented a high potential... 

This article presents the variation of structural, electronic, thermal and optical properties of a halide perovskite CsYbBr3with increasing pressure, employing density functional theory. The pressure effect was determined in range of 0-15 GPa. In which stability of CsYbBr3remains valid, as, verified from negative values of enthalpy of formation and phonon dispersion curves. A significant change was observed in lattice constant, bond lengths, bulk modulus and its pressure derivative, volume and ground state energy, with increasing pressure. The calculated electronic properties presented CsYbBr3as a semiconductor with direct band gap of 3.61 eV. However, pressure rise shift the Yb-d states... 

This paper presents the study of the structural and optical properties of copper doped cadmium sulfide thin films prepared by pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The copper concentration in the targets was varied from 0.05% to 5% in weight and they were heated at a temperature of 500°C in air for one hour. It was observed that annealing un-doped and doped thin films at temperatures above 160°C leads to an abrupt increase in the optical transmission, changing from dark brownish to transparent yellowish. For annealed samples at 300°C, increasing Cu concentration from 0.0% to 2%, leads to an increase in the optical transmission up to 80%, at a wavelength of about 700 nm. XRD patterns showed the hexagonal... 

The optical properties of a four-level atomic system via coherent and incoherent pumping fields are investigated. The giant Kerr nonlinearity with reduced linear and nonlinear absorption, which has a major role in decreasing the threshold of optical bistability (OB), can be obtained with subluminal light propagation via adjusting the intensities of coupling fields. An incoherent pumping field is noticed to be an extra parameter to reduce the threshold of OB and multistability, and it can be used as an effective parameter in producing lasing with or without population inversion. In this model, optical multistability is achieved simply by tuning the intensity of coupling laser fields.... 

Abstract: The electronic structure and excitonic optical properties of pristine and defected silicene are investigated within many-body Green’s function and Bethe–Salpeter equation formalism. We show that compared with pristine one, defects can significantly alter band structure and form much better metallic characteristics. Also, it is shown that low defects in pristine silicene can considerably alter optical absorption peaks and change these peaks to the lower energies. Such effect is illustrated for 5 % defects in the pristine silicene and two main peaks in the optical spectrum are shown, one in low energies and another wider one in the higher energies. These peaks can be used as a tool...