Sharif Digital Repository

Ignition process in a premixed methane-air swirl configuration is studied using a large eddy simulation method with Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model. A developed thickened flame combustion approach with two-step methane-air mechanism is used. Non-reacting mean and RMS axial, tangential and radial velocity profiles are validated against the experimental results. It is shown that the flow field consists of four zones: Inner Recirculation Zone, Inner Shear Layer, Outer Shear Layer and Corner Recirculation Zone. The mean and RMS of velocities and temperature in reacting flow are then validated against the experimental data. Large eddy simulation is used to investigate the ignition sequence by... 

In this work, ignition process in a turbulent shear-less methane-air mixing layer is numerically investigated. A compressible large eddy simulation method with Smagorinsky sub-grid scale model is used to solve the flow field. Also, a thickened flame combustion model and DRM-19 reduced mechanism are used to compute species distribution and the heat release. Non-reacting mean and RMS axial velocity profiles and mean mixture fraction are validated against experimental data. Instantaneous mixture fraction contours show that the large bursts penetrate from the fuel stream into that of the oxidizer and vice versa and a random behaviour in the cross-stream direction. Flame kernel initiation, growth... 

In this paper, nano/microstructured-conducting polypyrrole has been prepared on Cu/Au interdigital electrode surfaces by using constant potential amperometry technique. The Fe(II) ions were used as catalyst and X = ClO4 -, pTs-, Cl-, TCA-, DS-, DBS- was implemented as anion dopants. The morphologies of the films were investigated by field emission scanning electron microscope. A remarkable dependence was observed between the type of anion dopant and the morphology of polypyrrole (PPy). The sensing behavior of the PPy-X sensor has been studied toward acetone, methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, nitromethane, propylamine, pyridine, and gas mixtures of aliphatic alcohols. The responses... 

We introduce the concepts of cohering and decohering power of quantum channels. Using the axiomatic definition of the coherence measure, we show that the optimization required for calculations of these measures can be restricted to pure input states and hence greatly simplified. We then use two examples of this measure, one based on the skew information and the other based on the l1 norm; we find the cohering and decohering measures of a number of one-, two-, and n-qubit channels. Contrary to the view at first glance, it is seen that quantum channels can have cohering power. It is also shown that a specific property of a qubit unitary map is that it has equal cohering and decohering power in... 

Response spectra of fixed offshore structures impacted by extreme waves are investigated based on the higher order components of the nonlinear drag force. In this way, steel jacket platforms are simplified as a mass attached to a light cantilever cylinder and their corresponding deformation response spectra are estimated by utilizing a generalized single degree of freedom system. Based on the wave data recorded in the Persian Gulf region, extreme wave loading conditions corresponding to different return periods are exerted on the offshore structures. Accordingly, the effect of the higher order components of the drag force is considered and compared to the linearized state for different sea... 

We investigate the correlation properties of separable two-qubit states with maximally mixed marginals. These states are divided to two sets with the same geometric quantum correlation. However, a closer scrutiny of these states reveals a profound difference between their quantum correlations as measured by more probing measures. Although these two sets of states are prepared by the same type of quantum operations acting on classically correlated states with equal classical correlations, the amount of final quantum correlation is different. We investigate this difference and trace it back to the hidden classical correlation which exists in their preparation process. We also compare these... 

Doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) are widely used in wind power systems; hence their reliability model is an important consideration for production assessment and economic analysis of wind energy conversion systems. However, to date mutual influences of reliability analysis, production estimations and economic assessments of wind farms have not been fully investigated. This study proposes a reliability model for DFIG wind turbines considering their subcomponent failure rates and downtimes. The proposed production estimation algorithm leads to an economic assessment for wind farms. A comprehensive spare parts management procedure is then presented in the study. As a case study,... 

Determination of the time lag caused by utilization of different tubes to measure pressure on the surface of a wind tunnel model is an important problem in the field of aerodynamic especially for unsteady measurements where the pressure signature changes continuously with time. In this investigation the time required for the applied pressure at one end of different tubes to reach its original value (applied pressure) at the other end has been measured. Three plastic tubes and two polyethylene tubes with different lengths and different inner diameters; L=2, 5 and 10 m, d=1, 2 and 4 mm, were used to study the time lag. Experimental data show that the response time in a pressure measuring... 

Using a mechanical model and dislocation density based model, the evolutions of dislocation density and flow stress of pure copper during constrained groove pressing (CGP) process are investigated. In this regard, the strain and strain rate are achieved from the mechanical model and then input into the dislocation model. To verify the predicted flow stress, the process of constrained groove pressing is performed on the sheets of pure copper from one to three passes. The predicted flow stresses are compared with the experimental data and a good agreement is observed. Also, it is found that during the straining of the copper sheet in CGP process, the dislocation density and strength dropping... 

Normal human breathing exhibits complex variability in both respiratory rhythm and volume. Analyzing such nonlinear fluctuations may provide clinically relevant information in patients with complex illnesses such as asthma. We compared the cycle-by-cycle fluctuations of inter-breath interval (IBI) and lung volume (LV) among healthy volunteers and patients with various types of asthma. Continuous respiratory datasets were collected from forty agematched men including 10 healthy volunteers, 10 patients with controlled atopic asthma, 10 patients with uncontrolled atopic asthma, and 10 patients with uncontrolled non-atopic asthma during 60 min spontaneous breathing. Complexity of breathing... 

In this work, the inhibitory activity of pyridine N-oxide derivatives against human severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is predicted in terms of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models. These models were developed with the aid of multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) combined with shuffling cross-validation technique. A shuffling MARS algorithm is utilized to select the most important variables in QSAR modeling and then these variables were used as inputs of ANFIS to predict SARS inhibitory activities of pyridine N-oxide derivatives. A data set of 119 drug-like compounds was coded with over hundred calculated... 

Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) and multivariate clustering methods along with other chemometric methods are proposed to improve the analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) fingerprints of secondary metabolites in citrus fruits peels. In this way, chromatographic problems such as baseline/background contribution, low S/N peaks, asymmetric peaks, retention time shifts, and co-elution (overlapped and embedded peaks) occurred during GC-MS analysis of chromatographic fingerprints are solved using the proposed strategy. In this study, first, informative GC-MS fingerprints of citrus secondary metabolites are generated and then, whole data sets are segmented to some... 

The flow on a section of NACA 641-412 airfoil with right and inverse triangle shaped damage was numerically investigated. The flow through the damage was driven by the pressure differential between the upper and lower wing surfaces. The results showed that for both damage shapes the flows could be categorized as weak, transitional or strong jets. For both damage cases the jet exited from the rear of the damage and its size was determined by the width of the rear part of the hole. Generally, when compared with an undamaged model, increasing incidence for a damaged model resulted in increased loss of lift coefficient, increased drag coefficient and more negative pitching moment coefficient.... 

Aerodynamic coefficients on a two dimensional plunging airfoil, in a low-speed wind tunnel are presented. Dynamic motion was produced by plunging the model over a range of reduced frequencies, and mean angles of attack. The Reynolds number in the present test was held fixed (Re = 1.5×10 5), and the reduced frequency was varied in an almost wide range. Surface static pressure distribution was measured on the upper and lower sides of the model, during the oscillating motion. It was found that reduced frequency had strong effects on the pressure distribution, near the leading edge of the airfoil. For mean equivalent angles of attack of 0, 5 degrees, hysteresis loops on the upper surface of the... 

The present study was designed to search for metabolic biomarkers and their correlation with serum zinc in Crohn's disease patients. Crohn's disease (CD) is a form of inflammatory bowel disease that may affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract and can be difficult to diagnose using the clinical tests. Thus, introduction of a novel diagnostic method would be a major step towards CD treatment.Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1H NMR) was employed for metabolic profiling to find out which metabolites in the serum have meaningful significance in the diagnosis of CD. CD and healthy subjects were correctly classified using random forest methodology. The classification model for...