Sharif Digital Repository

We studied the flow stress and microstructural changes of nanostructured Al-6063 alloy produced by mechanical alloying at various temperatures and strain rates. The analysis of flow curves was performed by a constitutive equation, and the stress exponent and activation energy were determined as functions of strain. The deformation mechanisms were elaborated through microstructural observations by electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Coarsening of the subgrains and grain growth upon deformation was monitored and related to the Zener–Hollomon parameter  

Distribution automation (DA) application for fault management in the electricity distribution networks is one of the main potential remedial actions to reduce customers' outage times and hence improve service reliability. As a result, various automation schemes have been developed and introduced in different countries and by different venders. The impacts of implementing a specific automation scheme on reliability indices of a given distribution system can be different from other available automation schemes. For this reason, when comparing the available automation schemes with each other or with the other reliability improvement measures, it is necessary to perform a course of reliability... 

This paper aims to quantitatively evaluate and compare the reliability impact of employing an automatic loop restoration scheme in a typical distribution system, with and without pulse closing technology. Sustained interruptions, momentary interruptions and voltage sags are the three major attributes of the service reliability that are taken into account in the reliability case studies  

In this paper, we suggest a general model for the fixed-valued impulse noise and propose a two-stage method for high density noise suppression while preserving the image details. In the first stage, we apply an iterative impulse detector, exploiting the image entropy, to identify the corrupted pixels and then employ an Adaptive Iterative Mean filter to restore them. The filter is adaptive in terms of the number of iterations, which is different for each noisy pixel, according to the Euclidean distance from the nearest uncorrupted pixel. Experimental results show that the proposed filter is fast and outperforms the best existing techniques in both objective and subjective performance measures... 

This paper proposes a frequency control strategy for an islanded inverter-based microgrid which based on the priority of supply, has got two distinct types of loads, namely sensitive and deferrable. The proposed strategy consists of primary and secondary levels of generation control supported by a loadshedding scheme. The primary control regulates the output power of the distributed generator (DG) units to be proportional to their ratings while secondary control has got the duty of frequency restoration after each load change. Functionality of these two levels is demonstrated to be independent of each other. Both controls are in distributed forms which have no need of communication... 

Fault diagnosis following a disturbance in a power system is of great importance for the operators in the control center as a prerequisite for system restoration. In this article, for the first time, an analytic method for fault diagnosis, using the wide area measurement system (WAMS) and employing circuit rules, is developed. Instead of conventional information about status of protective relays and circuit breakers, voltage and current phasors at different points of the power network after fault occurrence are utilized. Because most of the power systems will be equipped with WAMS consisting of high-speed sampling features, the proposed method introduces a new application of WAMS for fault... 

The aim of this study was to use finite element analysis (FEA) to assess the influence of microthread design at the implant neck on stress distribution in the surrounding bone. A commercially available implant with 3.5 mm diameter and 10.5 mm length was selected and used as a model. For the purpose of designing the microthread implant model, microthreads were added to the implant neck in a computerized model. A force measuring 100 N was then applied to the entire surface of the abutment in the vertical direction. The results showed that in both models, stress was mainly concentrated at the cortical bone adjacent to the neck of the implant. Maximum stress values in the cortical bone... 

In this work, we present a new method of noise removal which is applied on images corrupted by impulse noise. This new algorithm has a good trade-off between quantitative and qualitative properties of the recovered image and the computation time. In this new method, the corrupted pixels are replaced by using a median filter or, they are estimated by their neighbors' values. Our proposed method shows better results especially in very high density noisy images than Standard Median Filter (SMF), Adaptive Median Filter (AMF) and some other well-known filters for removing impulse noise. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm in measures of PSNR and SSIM, specifically... 

Online power system stability assessment during restoration has not been strongly addressed yet. The introduction of wide area measurement systems (WAMS), however, made it possible to monitor the stability online. This study technically presents a detailed analysis of stability during restoration using WAMS. The power system build-up strategy is used as the restoration approach, based on which the early and the last stages of restoration are to divide the power system into islands and interconnect them, respectively. In fact, the practical use of WAMS at the early stages of restoration provides precise determination of generators loading steps. Moreover, unification of phase angle references... 

This paper presents a method for the optimal restoration planning based on Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS). This method uses observability analysis and Power Transfer Distribution Factor (PTDF) concept. The PTDF concept is applied to decrease the overvoltages caused by energizing transmission lines with lightly load. The New England 39 bus power system is used to demonstrate the proposed algorithm and verify the results. The outcomes of the study are evaluated to show the validity and reliability of the presented approach  

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to present an improved methodology for design of custom-made hip prostheses, through integration of advanced image processing, computer aided design (CAD) and additive manufacturing (AM) technologies. Design/methodology/approach - The proposed methodology for design of custom-made hip prostheses is based on an independent design criterion for each of the intra-medullary and extra-medullary portions of the prosthesis. The intra-medullar part of the prosthesis is designed using a more accurate and detailed description of the 3D geometry of the femoral intra-medullary cavity, including the septum calcar ridge, so that an improved fill and fit performance... 

This paper presents an efficient scheme for blind watermark attacking using the concept of matching of the long-range data. The main idea of the proposed attack is to add plenty of noise to the watermarked image and then try to restore an unwatermarked copy of the noisy image. The aim is to destroy the watermark information without accessing the parameters used during the watermark embedding process. So, it allows our approach to be completely free from any pre-assumption on the watermarking algorithm or any other parameters that is used during the watermark embedding procedure. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm's superiority over several other traditional watermarking... 

We studied the flow stress and microstructural changes of nanostructured Al-6063 alloy produced by mechanical alloying at various temperatures and strain rates. The analysis of flow curves was performed by a constitutive equation, and the stress exponent and activation energy were determined as functions of strain. The deformation mechanisms were elaborated through microstructural observations by electron backscattering diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Coarsening of the subgrains and grain growth upon deformation was monitored and related to the Zener-Hollomon parameter  

Hot deformation behavior of Al6063 alloy produced by direct powder extrusion was studied by means of uniaxial compression test in the temperature range between 300 and 450°C and strain rate range between 0.01 and 1s -1. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were utilized to study the microstructure of the material before and after the hot deformation. The microstructure of the extruded alloy consisted of elongated grains within a subgrain structure and small grains free of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs). An equiaxed duplex microstructure consisting of large substructured grains and fine grains separated by high angle grain boundaries... 

In order to estimate both maximum displacement and maximum inertia force of bilinear hysteretic system subjected to earthquake motions, an equivalent linearization approach with new effective parameters is presented. Effective mass and effective damping ratio as pair of effective parameters instead of the effective period and effective damping ratio in existing equivalent linear systems are introduced. Two error measures for displacement and inertia force are defined. Error distributions over a two-dimensional parameter space of effective parameters are analysed, and the parameters are determined through a statistical approach with a dual optimization criterion for displacement and inertia... 

Flow curves and microstructural changes of nanostructured Al6063 alloy produced by mechanical alloying followed by hot extrusion were investigated by means of uniaxial compression test in the temperature range between 300 and 450 °C and strain rate range between 10-2 and 1 s-1. The analysis of flow curves were performed by a hyperbolic sine law equation and the stress exponent and activation energy were determined to be 2.9 and 228 kJ mol-1, respectively. The microstructural constituents for elaboration of deformation mechanisms were observed by TEM and EBSD under FEG-SEM. The microstructural observations determine that dynamic recovery through the formation of subgrains within the grains... 

One of the most important phenomena related to electrically actuated micro and nano electromechanical systems (MEMSNEMS) is dynamic pull-in instability which occurs when the electrical attraction and beam inertia forces are more than elastic restoring force of the beam. According to failure of classical mechanics constitutive equations in prediction of dynamic behavior of small size systems, nonlocal theory is implemented here to analyze the dynamic pull-in behavior. Equation of motion of an electrostatically actuated micro to nano scale doubly clamped beam is rewritten using differential form of nonlocal theory constitutive equation. To analyze the nonlocal effect equation of motion is... 

A fully implicit iterative integration procedure is presented for local and geographically distributed hybrid simulation of the seismic response of complex structural systems with distributed nonlinear behavior. The purpose of this procedure is to seamlessly incorporate experimental elements in simulations using existing fully implicit integration algorithms designed for pure numerical simulations. The difficulties of implementing implicit integrators in a hybrid simulation are addressed at the element level by introducing a safe iteration strategy and using an efficient procedure for online estimation of the experimental tangent stiffness matrix. In order to avoid physical application of... 

We propose a roll-forward error recovery technique based on multiple scan chains for TMR systems, called Scan chained TMR (ScTMR). ScTMR reuses the scan chain flip-flops employed for testability purposes to restore the correct state of a TMR system in the presence of transient or permanent errors. In the proposed ScTMR technique, we present a voter circuitry to locate the faulty module and a controller circuitry to restore the system to the fault-free state. As a case study, we have implemented the proposed ScTMR technique on an embedded processor, suited for safety-critical applications. Exhaustive fault injection experiments reveal that the proposed architecture has the error detection and... 

Frequency control during power system restoration has not been strongly addressed. Operators are often concerned with the offline sizing of load and generation steps, but, nowadays, the introduction of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS) makes it possible to monitor the stability of power system online. The constraints of WAMS operation result in some changes in power system frequency control. This paper proposes a novel methodology for frequency control and monitoring during the early steps of power system restoration based on WAMS. Detailed load modeling is achieved based on the static load modeling approach. Power generators' modeling is also accomplished utilizing the single machine...