Sharif Digital Repository

Practitioners and researchers working on Software Development Methodologies (SDM) have always sought for ways to raise the degree of flexibility in SDMs, so that methodologies can be adjusted to specific project situations. Methodology Engineering (ME) approaches are being pursued to this aim, giving rise to Situational Method Engineering (SME). As the pivotal phase of software development, Requirements Engineering (RE) has proved essential in SME; however, SME has a long way to go as to its support for specialized RE practices. The RE practices employed in software engineering seem to provide a rich resource for strategies and techniques that can address this issue, if properly attuned to... 

Software engineers have long realized that they cannot use existing methodologies for all project situations, as every software development project has its own specific characteristics. Therefore, a branch of software engineering–known as Situational Method Engineering (SME)–has emerged which helps develop bespoke methodologies to fit the specific characteristics of each and every project situation. As in software development, SME too involves rigorous Requirements Engineering (RE), so much so that if requirements elicitation and definition is botched in any way, methodology development will most likely fail as a result. In software engineering, requirements engineering has long been the... 

Manual code review, essential for software quality, suffers from time constraints and repetitive tasks. This thesis investigates using large language models (LLMs) with prompt engineering and in-context learning to automate aspects of the process. By leveraging an LLM's generalization capabilities, we aim to achieve automation with limited resources and minimal pre-training. Due to the development of large language models and in-context learning capabilities, our proposed approach is to add contextual information relevant to code review to the model input. Our approach focuses on providing context-specific samples and documents related to the reviewed code, enabling the LLM to learn from the... 

In the current decade there has been research works around adopting agile methodologies for software product line engineering. However, the emphasis has been on the process part of the methodology and the main product which is the source code has been neglected.The prevalent modeling and implementation method of software product line is the featureoriented method. The concept of ”Feature-to-code mapping” is introduced in the implementation phase which recently novel approaches have been proposed to realize it.Despite superiority of the novel approaches in this field, prevalent industrial product lines still use C language and map features to code by leveraging traditional preprocessors of C... 

The issue under discussion in this paper is to optimize the fuel consumption of the Toyota Prius hybrid car. In order to solve this problem, the ADVISOR design model used by NREL in the Matlab / Simulink environment has been used. Various parts of this model are described. The optimization performed on this issue is based on the emotional controller. This controller works by simulating learning in animals based on encouraging and punishing them. With the introduction of the controller, the model and its inclusion in the fuel consumption control and its implementation have achieved good results. In the initial state and the controller in the model, the fuel consumption was 4.9 liters per 100... 

Diesel particulate filters (DPFs) are used in active and passive regeneration exhaust systems in order to reduce the soot emission of diesel engines. Soot regeneration process initiates at a certain minimum temperature. In Compression Ignition (CI) engines, the intake is not throttled usually, and load control is carried out by adjusting the amount of fuel injected into the cylinders. Consequently in low load working condition, as the fuel mass decreases, the air to fuel ratio increases that results in lowered exhaust gas temperature. On the other hand, passive regeneration strategies alone are not enough and it should be backed up by an active regeneration system in order to guarantee... 

One of the main tools of the developing quantum technology is making the desired quantum gates and processes in the presence of the environmental noises. In this thesis, we first derive a Markovian master equation which defines purely the time evolution of the dynamics (process matrix) of the open system rather than its state (density matrix). This master equation indeed describes the time evolution of the Choi-Jamiolkowsli matrix which is independent of the state of the system at all times including the initial state. The n, by using this master equation we provide a scheme to manipulate optimally and locally the dynamics of the open system by external coherent agents. Such scheme... 

In this study, differentiation of rabbit embryonic-derived mesenchymal stem cells to osteogenic cells has been characterized. Bone tissue engineering is based upon the understanding of bone tissue construct and it’s formation in-vivo, and the Preparation of tissue engineered bone constructs to repair large size defects is it’s major goal. We sought to investigate the combined effect of three elemnts of tissue engineering: cells, scaffolds and growth factors. Mesenchymal stem cells are unspecialized cells which due to their unlimited self-renewal capacity and the remarkable ability to differentiate along multiple linage pathways are natural choice for application in tissue repair and... 

Environmental regulations with respect to the marine diesel emissions have become stricter during recent years, thereby imposing traffic limitations on Iranian ships preventing them to enter emission control areas. Nitrogen oxides (NOx), as one of most important air pollutants, have adverse impacts on public health and ecosystem, so as the ships are the primary source of NOx internationally, the after-treatment system finds more urge to be developed. In this study, a NOx reduction system using non-thermal plasma technology is studied in order to determine its application and efficiency for NOx removal from the exhaust gas of Iranian marine diesel engines. Meanwhile, important factors were... 

Wireless LANs are becoming widespread in enterprises due to extensive usage of mobile devices and appearance of bring-your-own-device policies. However, mechanisms common in home WLANs are not sufficient for managing lots of access point and clients in an enterprise WLAN and WLAN controllers which are used in enterprises nowadays are limited to a fixed set of commands operated from a CLI and the source code is not changeable. Also, their effectiveness can be harvested alongside access points from the same vendor. Thus, dynamic high level programming for whole network configuration is an absolute need in this changing business environment and Software-defined Networking (SDN) will empower us... 

In the last decade, mechanical metamaterials have attracted more attention due to new design principles that combine the concept of hierarchical architecture with material size effects at the micro or nano scale. This strategy shows extraordinary mechanical performance that we use in unknown parts of the material property space, including strength-to-density ratios, extraordinary flexibility, and the ability to absorb energy with brittle components. The aim of this research was to print metamaterial scaffolds from a combination of biocompatible and bioactive to be used as scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. In addition to the biological properties appropriate to the host tissue, the... 

3D bioprinting is an additive manufacturing method that facilitates the deposition of the desired cells and biomaterials at any pre-defined location. This technique also enables control over the internal structure and external dimensions of printed constructs. Among various biomaterials used as bioinks, the bioinks derived from decellularized extracellular matrixes (dECMs) have attracted significant attention due to their bioactivity and being a rich source of biochemical cues. Here in this study, the decellularized amnion membrane (dAM) has been selected as the main component of the bioink formulation because of its biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, antibacterial property, abundance,... 

In today’s methodical corporate world, processes have been recognized as valuable organizational knowledge assets. Situational Method Engineering (SME) processes are considered particularly valuable because of their effectiveness in building context-specific software processes for developing efficient software systems; thus, they indirectly affect all software-dependent organizational knowledge assets, including organizational processes. It is therefore logical to deduce that managing SME knowledge would improve the efficiency of both SME and organizational processes. Unfortunately, existing SME processes suffer from weaknesses that are rooted in loss of knowledge within method engineering... 

Due to the expansion of the Internet, web-based systems have rapidly proliferated. Firms, corporations, supermarket chains and governments provide their services through web-based systems, and there are companies that provide web-based services for other companies. Because of this development and expansion, many web-application development methodologies have been developed, and web-development versions of many renowned methodologies are now available. In order to improve the performance of system engineering teams and increase product quality, it has become necessary to construct or adapt software development methodologies in order to fit the specific project at hand. This method of... 

The partially stratified charge (PSC) approach involves micro-direct-injection of pure fuel or a fuel air mixture, to create a rich zone in the region around the spark plug. A theoretical model is presented in this research to predict ignition delay and combustion process in partially stratified charge engine. It considers flame progress through rich and lean regions. Step by step calculations will be carried out in both regions. The process continues to the point where all the fuel is burned. At each step for one degree rotation of the crank shaft, there is a change in cylinder volume and mole fraction burned due to burning of a fraction of the mixture. Considering heat transfer from the... 

This work describes a new approach to the so called “Engineering Requirements Process” based on abilities to develop a meaningful task. We first describe how a meaningful is created from scratch and then we explain how requirements could be added to a level where the predefined task is no-longer doable. The process is then applied to design of an aircraft wing to show how requirements could be avoided during a design process. The method is expected to be applicable to all aircraft sub-systems and parts. The process is particularly useful where all design requirements are not available at once, rather they increase as time goes on and new stakeholders become apparent. In this work, we have... 

Gas turbine engine control is a demanding task that requires the regulation of the thrust as well as the satisfaction of the limitations such as engine aerodynamic instability, over temperature and over speed. Fuzzy logic is an attractive technique for the control of poor understood unmodeled, or complex systems especially where the experience of human operators is available to provide qualitative rules. In such cases, it has been found that control decisions can be made on the basis of linguistic measures or fuzzy algorithms. The controller that is designed on the basis of this theory is called fuzzy logic controller. The main objective of this thesis is hardware implementation of fuzzy... 

Valve leak detection is very important due to bad direct effects on parts life and engine power. Acoustic emission (AE) has a good known ability on leak detection between fault detection methods. The aim of this thesis is presenting the ability of AE method for valve leak detection in internal combustion engines. The research method in a general framework based on the idea that firstly some evaluations were done in static tests for leakage due to three faults including clearance, quasi-crack and notch. Then, the evaluations were continued with dynamic analysis of rotational speeds and different loads on the engine. Finally, the neural network approach was used to automatically detect all... 

Enzymes are an important part of detergents, they reduce the activation energy of the reaction and thus increase the efficiency of the process. Protease enzyme is one of the most common enzymes in detergents. Bacillus strain is the most important strain in the production of this enzyme and among the species of Bacillus, Bacillus subtilis is the most used. Bacillus subtilis is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium. This bacterium is considered a non-pathogenic cell that has the ability to form spores and prevent death and damage in harsh conditions. In this study, CRISPR system was used to modify the genome of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 in order to increase alkaline protease. To increase the... 

However “The Social Construction of Technology (SCOT)” is the title of a thesis in the domain of Science and Technology Studies (STS), it has an important effect on the philosophy of technology. In this paper I try to elaborate and criticize SCOT’s approach. For this purpose we need to answer the question “what is Technology exactly?”. So in the first chapter, I defined Technology. After reviewing some of it’s famous definitions, I defined the joint of technologies based on the “Dual nature of technical artefacts” thesis. Because of the wide range of technologies, I have concentrated on “Technical Artefacts”, although I was not inattentive to other meanings of technology, especially...