Sharif Digital Repository

Paper and cardboard waste pulping consume large volumes of water, so the discharge of this effluent without proper treatment can have far-reaching environmental consequences. The color and variable COD concentration of wastewater in this industry make treating this wastewater complicated. Therefore, this study aims to reduce the COD of the wastewater treatment plant of a pulp and paper mill under different laboratory conditions to achieve environmental standards in Iran.In this study, coagulation-flocculation and the Fenton process on the wastewater entering the treatment plant were investigated first. It was found that coagulation and flocculation by 750-1250 ppm of alum coagulant and ten... 

The aim of this thesis was to find the optimum retention time for treatment of synthetic petroleum wastewater by a wastewater treatment system made with a bucket, mineral material and earthworms residing in a vermibed. In order to make the desired flow happen, height difference was utilized. The polluting substance used for making wastewater was BTEX. As the wastewater was synthetic, the concentration was also a variable. The ultimate soluble concentration was 3200 mg/l and more concentrations were not tested. Parameters such as number of worms, worm’s growth rate and their distribution pattern, humidity amount and distribution and worm’s acclimatization time during organic loading shock... 

Nowadays with the increasing population of the world and constraint or even water shortages, necessity of reuse the effluent of the treatment plants is further increased whearas the grey wastewater (wastewater related to bathroom, dishwasher and laundry). They are part of the household wastewater.quantity ranging from 65% to 75% sewage produced in the house is grey water. In many developed countries of the world the grey wastewater treatment and its use in non-potable wastewater like irrigation, car washing and toilet siphoning are commonplace. This wastewater is lower in COD and BOD than conventional wastewater but it still needs to be refined. There are varios methods including biological... 

Greywater accounts for about 70% of household consumption and can be returned to the consumption cycle if a sustainable system is built in residential areas and the treated water can be used for irrigation, flash tank filling, and even aquifer fillings. The purpose of this study was to establish a sustainable method in small treatment plants that could sufficiently recover the water used in households. In this study, chemical ways of wastewater treatment, as well as membrane filtrations, were investigated to reduce greywater pollution. The results show that the coagulants alone can remove 80% of COD. Membranes can also reduce COD by up to 83%. In addition, the best removal efficiency using... 

The effect of the combination of MBR and MBBR systems to enhance the efficiency of water treatment plants has been studied. In this study, by embedding a UASB reactor in the presence of packing, as anoxic, two MBBR reactors as a single aerobic treatment and a MBR reactor once with and once without packing as the final purification tried to remove pollutants from artificial drainage and extend the life of the membrane system is designed to convey the wastewater treatment and irrigation is its quality standards functionality and the quality of its wastewater treatment standards for agricultural irrigation. Studied pollutants include COD, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite and phosphate. membrane... 

Membrane bioreactors can replace the activated sludge process and the final clarification step in municipal wastewater treatment. The combination of bioreactor and crossflow microfiltration allows for a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of synthetic wastewater. In this study, experimental data from a laboratory scale membrane bioreactor are presented. In order to investigate the influence of various operating parameters such as hydraulic retention time (HRT), biomass concentration and organic loading rate on organic pollutant removal, the pilot scale submerged membrane bioreactor (SMBR) with a Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber membrane module was conducted using synthetic... 

In this project, function of anaerobic digestion of organic waste in liquid phase and treating the following sewage in biologic tower(trickling filter) has been investigated in an experimental process. Solid waste were supplied from sharif university restaurant and after weighting and classification is added to tanks which filled by 40% sludge and 60% water. For controlling the function of biologic tower, a control reactor were used. Retention time for digestion of solid waste is 40 day. First solid loading was 500g and 75g organic waste in main & control reactor equal to 5(kg solid waste)/( m^3.reactor.day) 1.3(kg TS)/( m^3.reactor.day) and were doubled in second loading. It seems that... 

Designing a system based on 2 to 5 MeV electron accelerators for X radiation of urban waste.Nowadays , the use of ionizing radiation in two cases of treatment and removal of contaminants in the waste including; 1) Pathological hospital waste 2) leachate from buried urban waste, which is studied and examined in this project. Buried urban wastes begin to break down under aerobic and anaerobic processes, and as long as the materials are not changed into sustainable materials, these processes will continue and results in landfill gas and leachate. Gas is produce due to anaerobic processes and leachate which is produced through water infiltration (atmospheric precipitation) in the landfill or... 

Treatment of Wastewater of textile industries has been always challenging due to the high organic matter which is a suitable substrate for the growth of microorganisms. Also, discharge of wastewater into the open water causes water adsorbing more sunlight, raising water temperature and therefor decreasing dissolved oxygen. In addition, the acidity of wastewater decreases the quality of agricultural soil. Among wastewater treatment methods, biological methods are cheaper, environment friendly, and produce less by product. Among all the microorganism responsible for biological treatment, fungi and enzymes are more applicable. Especially white-rot fungi are the most effective microorganism to... 

In the present study, the electrochemical oxidation process was introduced as a green process for complete degradation and removal of non-biodegradable pollutants from aquatic environments and effluents of various industries without the need to use chemicals and toxins. Research stages include comprehensive preliminary studies in the field of electrochemistry and wastewater treatment, software design of electro-oxidation reactor using titanium mesh anode and stainless steel cathode mesh inside a body made of polypropylene, designed cell construction and then evaluation of device performance in polluting environment Are different. In software simulation using COMSOL MULTIPHYSICS software, it... 

Antibiotic medications are widely used in medicine and veterinary medicine. Since these drugs are extremely dangerous to the environment and specially to drinking water for humans and other organisms, the need to treat these wastewater is becoming increasingly important. One of the most commonly used antibiotics is oxytetracycline which is used for a wide range of infectious diseases Husbandry wastewater is one of the wastewaters that contains high diversity and large amounts of antibiotics. In this study, the performance of a Moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was investigated for removal of oxytetracycline from synthetic wastewater with similar characteristics to Husbandry wastewater. A... 

Discharging treated or raw waste water in to surface water may cause lots of serious problems, including growth of algae, as a result of the presence of nutrients in waste water.algae decrease the concentration of dissolve oxygen in water.phosphorus removal from waste water is of absolute necessity. according to the standards set by the environmental organization, discharge the untreated waster water in to the surface water is not allowed. on the other hand, given manager facilities of deprived area,effort is channeled to reach the desired result through designing the simplest treatment systems. anaerobic-aerobic systems have remarkably been used for many years in the treatment of urban and... 

Biological treatment is an essential part of wastewater treatment. One of the major problems of the biological treatment systems is a solid separation. Filamentous bulking is a type of solid separation problem that settled sludge volume and the turbidity of the effluent will be increase in bulking condition. The presence of excessive Filamentous bacteria causes filamentous bulking. In this thesis, filamentous bulking were studied to understand this phenomena better and tried to control that with the different methods. This research was conducted in laboratory scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR), conventional activated sludge and conventional activated sludge with anaerobic selector with... 

Pharmaceutical waste has attracted considerable attention, in the Past two decades. These pollutants had not previously been detected in the environment. In fact, the concentration of pharmaceuticals became a matter of concern after the increase in the production and consumption of drugs. Nowadays, considering their higher consumption and more developed detection technologies, they are found in waste water, treated water, rivers, etc. The purpose of this research is to study treatment of a Synthetic waste water contaminated by Diclofenac and Ibuprofen in a Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor. An aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) with the volume of 8.5 liters and Kaldness packing filling ratio... 

In this study, the use of a fixed bed of the Kaldnes commercial carrier in the activated sludge system has been investigated. In this way, at zero time, a submerged fixed bed of Kaldnes was placed into a completely mixed activated sludge reactor and its various parameters were investigated during the time. During the experiment, the fixed bed (Kaldnes carriers enclosed in a lace) with 20, 35 and 50 percentage of volumes were compared to regular activated sludge reactors (without any carriers). The studied parameters are COD, DO, MLSS, and P-PO43-. Input COD was changed at concentrations of 1200 and 400 mg/L, and the reactor hydraulic time was adjusted to 10 and 16 hours. It was observed that... 

In this research, start-up, performance and stability of a A2O system (Anaerobic/ Anoxic/ Oxic) combined with a Moving Bed Bio Reactor (MBBR), using Kaldnes packings, have been investigated in treating synthetic dairy wastewater. Also the effect of influent Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Hydroulic Retention Time (HRT) and Ruturn Activated Sludge (RAS) ratio on removing pollutants such as COD, Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorous have been studied. The experiments have been designed using ‘Design Of Experiments’ software, and at the end the results have been optimized based on desired terms. The performance and capability of the reactor in removing pollutants in 8, 12 and 16 hours of HRT,... 

In this research, the capability of an aerobic moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for removal of phenol from Arak refinery dilute wastewater has been investigated. A cubical MBBR with approximate capacity of 10 liters was filled with Kaldnes-K1 biocarriers at filling ratio at 50 percent. Moreover, The MBBR which filled with actual refinery wastewater, combined with Flocculation and Coagulation in order to removing more COD, turbidity and TSS and also reaching to criterion that water can be used by cooling tower. The effects of Phenol concentration (10-100 mgl-1), COD concentration (50-500 mgl-1), Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) (4-12 h) and Phenol shocks on the performance of MBBR were... 

Water is one of the world’s most valuable resources, yet it is under constant threat due to climate change, explosive population growth, and waste. One of the most promising efforts to stem the global water crisis is river contaminated, water reclamation and reuse. This study was carried out to investigate in the water quality “S. H. C.” using treatment techniques. Research project was to check out which method give maximum removal of TOC, COD and coliform, fecal coliform and TSS where this parameters exceeded the permissible limits and therefore “S. H. C.” water was contaminated by these parameters. After carrying out the study more from 8 month on water treatment "S. H. C." we get the... 

The main objective of this research was to evaluate the application of a new strain of Brevundimonas naejangsanensis which is newly identified sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), in bioremediation. A laboratory scale packed bed reactor (PBR) was fabricated and operated to study the new bacteria’s feasibility on SO_4^(2-) reduction. The reactor was packed with polyurethane foam cubes and operated under different feeding and operating conditions of HRT, COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio and salinity. A maximum SO_4^(2-) reduction of 73.6% was achieved in the PBR when operated at an HRT of 12 h with SO_4^(2-) concentration of 670 mg/L, COD/SO_4^(2-) ratio of 1 and salinity of 3%. The results show that this...