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Carbon nanotubes composite membrane for water desalination

Taghipour, S ; Sharif University of Technology | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: Article
  2. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-72873-1_10
  3. Publisher: Springer Nature , 2021
  4. Abstract:
  5. The demand for freshwater has enormously risen the water stress in various parts of the globe. Accessibility of clean water is crucial for sustainable development involving socioeconomic and environmental promotion. Considering the fact that 96.5% of all Earth’s water is related to seawater, desalination (producing clean potable water from sea or saline water) can be considered as a leading solution to fulfill water scarcity problem. Among various advanced and conventional techniques, carbon nanotube (CNT) membrane has become an attractive alternate for most of water treatment methods owing supreme features such as easy operationality, low energy and expense requirement, high water permeability, permselectivity, and stability. CNTs can be grown in vertically aligned CNTs (VACNTs), transverse or horizontally aligned CNTs (HACNTs), and mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) shapes. CNT membranes are mostly synthesized by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), laser ablation (LA), and arc discharge (AD) methods. Researchers have investigated the effect of various factors on salt rejection and water flux such as dispersion quality, oscillating pressure, number of deposition cycle (while synthesizing the membrane), type of filler, fabrication method, temperature, and contact time. In this chapter, initially a general description of membrane filtration, their features in desalination, and synthesization methods are presented. Afterward, various intrinsic, thermal, and mechanical characteristics of CNTs (which make them pioneer in desalination goals) are mentioned. In following, the results of several studies and their key findings are noted. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and future directions of this technology to enter desalination markets are explained. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  6. Keywords:
  7. Remediation ; Wastewater ; Water treatment ; Desalination ; Membrane ; Carbon nanotube
  8. Source: Advances in Science, Technology and Innovation ; 2021 , Pages 163-184 ; 25228714 (ISSN)
  9. URL: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-72873-1_10