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Effect of Stenotic Carotid Geometry on Flow and Stroke-risk

Amirkhosravi, Mehrad | 2011

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  1. Type of Document: M.Sc. Thesis
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 42132 (08)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Mechanical Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Firoozabadi, Bahar; Saeedi, Saeed
  7. Abstract:
  8. Carotid bifurcation is one of the most important bifurcations in human body which has a lot of curvature in some people. The common carotid artery bifurcates into an internal carotid artery (ICA) and an external carotid artery (ECA). The incidence of stenosis in carotid bifurcation and in particular in the internal carotid artery is of special importance. In the United States of America by 2006, nearly 700000 strokes occur each year, with about 160000 deaths and 20 to 30% of strokes are caused by stenotic carotid that cost estimated at $160 billion. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate in hemodynamic factors of blood flow such as velocity variation, vortex patterns, shear stress and pressure gradient in internal carotid artery and study about effect of stenotic carotid geometry on blood flow. According to the amount of shear stress along the stenosis, the role stenotic carotid geometry plays in further development of stenosis, and vulnerability of the plaque rupture is clearly understood. Blood flow in carotid artery bifurcation is typically oscillatory, but in the presence of stenosis, flow regime undergoes a transition from laminar to turbulent. In this thesis, internal carotid artery is modeled using unsteady, three dimensional turbulent flow equations. The governing equations were solved numerically using the commercial software Fluent. 4 different axisymmetric models with difference in curvature and extent of stenosis as well as one asymmetric stenotic model have been developed and studied. It is seen that geometry of stenosis affects on wall shear stress, shear stress gradient, streamlines and flow statistics. Hence, according to the shear stress quantity and shear stress gradient, we could observe the effects of stenotic carotid geometry on plaque development or rupture.

  9. Keywords:
  10. Blood Flow ; Shear Stress ; Carotid Bifurcation ; ARTERY STENOSIS

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