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Energy-Aware Routing in Internet of Things

Safaei, Bardia | 2021

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  1. Type of Document: Ph.D. Dissertation
  2. Language: Farsi
  3. Document No: 53817 (19)
  4. University: Sharif University of Technology
  5. Department: Computer Engineering
  6. Advisor(s): Ejlali, Alireza
  7. Abstract:
  8. Internet of Things (IoT) is a communicative infrastructure, which establishes IP-based connections between many smart devices with limited energy supplies. The gathering of such an enormous number of connected devices would impose many challenges, with routing the most important issue. Standardization of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-power and Lossy Networks (RPL) was a major step towards fulfilling the IoT routing requirements. The key element in determining the routing policies and creation of the topology in RPL is the objective function. According to our studies, more than 97% of the consumed energy of a node in wireless networks is due to transceiver activities. On the other hand, among the contributing factors, objective functions have a pivotal role by affecting up to 56% on the transceiver activity, and consequently the energy consumption of an IoT node. Hence, in this study, we have concentrated on proposing energy-efficient routing mechanisms for IoT infrastructures. Our approach in this context is two-fold: 1) Stationary networks, and 2) Mobile networks. In the context of stationary infrastructures, with focusing on detecting the most power-hungry factors in non-routing layers, a novel SPR routing metric has been introduced as part of the ELITE objective function. This cross-layer routing mechanism, which utilizes the MAC layer information in the routing layer, has been able to mitigate the amount of consumed energy in the nodes by more than 39% against the state-of-the-art. In another study, the PEDAL objective function has been proposed for stationary IoT applications. This objective function has been able to improve the performance of the RPL routing protocol in applications requiring both, fast transmission of information, and low power consumption by more than 42%. On the other hand, due to the increasing trend in mobile IoT use-cases, and the lack of support for these applications in RPL, there is a high demand for improving the energy efficiency of RPL in mobile networks. Despite several attempts, this context is still of high attraction and requires more effort. Nevertheless, due to the lack of adequate information regarding the impacts of the movement pattern of the nodes on the RPL-based mobile IoT infrastructures, these efforts have not yet lead to a standard mobility-aware version of RPL. Therefore, in the context of mobile IoT applications, we have come up with a comprehensive experimental survey on the effects of various mobility models on the performance of RPL from the most important attributes, including energy efficiency. This will pave the way for designing and standardization of low-energy mobility-aware versions of the RPL routing protocol. Based on our studies, this action must include the movement pattern of the things in the area, as well as the trickle-timer configuration. Finally, with exploiting the achievements of this survey, a novel metric called attachability has been introduced for comparing the performance of different mobility-aware routing policies
  9. Keywords:
  10. Internet of Things ; Energy Consumption ; Objective Function ; Routing ; Energy-aware Routing

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