Sharif Digital Repository

In this paper, analytical expressions are presented to describe the stator and rotor slotting effects on the distribution of Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine's quantities. The effects of rotor slot and loop skewing on the produced torque ripples are then investigated by means of an analytical model considering skew. Torque ripples have considerable effects in the machine operation especially on its starting process and avoid machine from successful starting in some instances. The cogging torque and distortion of the sinusoidal distribution of the magnetic flux density in the air gap, are two principle sources of torque ripples in Brushless Doubly-Fed Machine that are studied. © 2009 Praise... 

A wind tunnel study was performed on the FFA-W-3-270 airfoil, which form a segment of a 1.25 MW wind turbine blade, to examine the effect of fixed roughness height and position using a zigzag tape boundary layer trip strip. Tests were conducted at a Reynolds number of 1×106 over a wide range of angles of attack. The zigzag tape, as an artificial roughness device, not only triggers a premature transition in the flow whereby laminar flow regimes change to turbulent, but also increases the momentum thickness of the turbulent boundary layer and change the airfoil camber. The 60° zigzag tape of 0.5 mm and 1 mm height was placed on the suction side of the airfoil at different chord wise locations.... 

In this study, in order to indicate the best airfoil profile for the different sections of a blade, five airfoils including S8xx, FFA, and AH series were studied. Among the most popular wind power blades for this application were selected, in order to find the optimum performance. Nowadays, modern wind turbines are using blades with multi-airfoils at different sections. On the large scale profile, SST K-ω model with different wind speed at large-scale profile was applied to the simulation of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). The aerodynamic simulation was accomplished using the computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method based on the finite volume method. The governing equations applied in... 

In distribution networks, failure to smooth the load curve leads to voltage drop and power quality loss. In this regard, electric vehicle batteries can be used to smooth the load curve. However, to persuade vehicle owners to share their vehicle batteries, we must also consider the owners' profits. A challenging problem is that existing methods do not take into account the vehicle owner demands including initial and final states of charge and arrival and departure times of vehicles. Another problem is that battery capacity of each vehicle varies depending on the type of vehicle; which leads to uncertainties in the charging and discharging dynamics of batteries. In this paper, we propose a... 

Dynamic Neural network was used to minimize the amount of data required to predict the location of transition point on a 2-D oscillatory wing. For this purpose, various experimental tests were carried out on a section of a 660kw wind turbine blade. A multi layer non linear perceptrons network was trained using the output signals of four hot films attached on the upper surface of the model. Results show that using only 50% of the test data, the trained network was able to the transition point with an acceptable accuracy. Moreover, the method can predict the transition points at any position of the wing surface for different Reynolds numbers, amplitudes and initial angles of oscillation, and... 

A series of low speed wind tunnel tests on a section of a 660 Kw wind turbine blade which is under constructer were conducted to examine the effects of distributed surface contamination on its performance characteristics. At first model was tested in the clean condition and after that it was tested with tree different types of roughness. The data shows that this particular airfoil is very sensitive to the applied surface roughness. For the contaminated model the roughness, 0.5mm height was distributed over the entire upper surface of the airfoil such that the distribution pattern was denser in the vicinity of the leading edge and thinner in the trailing edge area. Statistical data show that... 

An extensive experimental study is conducted to investigate the effects of reduced frequency on a harmonically pitching wing where its cross section is used in a 660 kW wind turbine under construction in Iran. The corresponding lift coefficient and real time pressure signatures at three sections of the model at various reduced frequencies are examined. The test covers a wide range of angles of attack at prestall, stall, and deep stall regions. Pressure distributions at tip, middle, and root sections of the wing were recorded and from these distributions the lift coefficients are computed. The results show great role of the reduced frequency in altering the maximum lift coefficients, lift... 

A series of low speed wind tunnel tests on a section of a 660 Kw wind turbine blade were conducted to examine the effects of distributed surface contamination on its performance. The airfoil was a section of a wind turbine blade under construction. The performance of the section was measured in the following conditions: 1. Clean airfoil 2. Two types of zigzag roughness 3. Strip tape 4. Distributed contamination roughness Our preliminary data shows that the airfoil is very sensitive to the applied surface roughness. For the contamination model the roughness, 0.5mm height, is distributed over the entire upper surface of the airfoil. By putting the contamination roughness on the airfoil the... 

In this study, the effect of deploying microtabs on performance improvement of a horizontal axis wind turbine blade is numerically investigated in three-dimensions. The NREL Phase VI, a stall-regulated upwind wind turbine, is used as the baseline case. Different cases are considered to investigate the effects of spanwise location as well as the height variation of tabs along the blade span, on the flow over the rotor blade. In all cases, the tab is located at 95% chord of the airfoil section on the lower surface of the blade. Results reveal that locating microtabs at the outboard part of the blade has a greater impact on the rotor performance than the inboard part. However, both cases... 

With the rise in oil price and population growth, renewable energies are assumed to be the main source of energies for the next generation. Wind as a natural, eco-friendly and renewable source of energy has been at the center of concentration for decades. Recently there has been some ideas regarding the self-regulating urban wind turbines. Researchers have shown that a proper enclosure increases the wind velocity and therefore more torques can be exerted on the rotors, therefore more power can be generated. These enclosures are light and cheap, therefore they are applicable and effective. In the present study, an enclosure was modified to increase the exerted torque with implementing a step... 

Extensive experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of leading-edge roughness on the state of the boundary layer of a wind turbine blade section. The application of surface grit roughness simulates surface irregularities that occur on the wind turbine blades. The measurements were done using multiple hot-film sensors and surface pressure transducers in both static and plunging oscillation of the airfoil. Frequency domain analysis was used to determine the state of the unsteady boundary layer  

In the view of the latest status and the potential of developing wind energy in South Africa, the present study aims to perform technical–economic–environmental analysis on a wind turbine system with HOMER software using the 20-years average data of the wind speed obtained from NASA's database, for providing the electricity to residential buildings. The results showed that the Port Elizabeth station, had the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) with the value of -0.363 $/kWh when using the EOLO wind turbine, and the Bloemfontein station had the highest LCOE with the value of 1.601 $/kWh when using the Turby wind turbine. The results from the step-wise assessment ratio analysis... 

As wind energy is becoming one of the fastest-growing renewable energy resources, controlling large-scale wind turbines remains a challenging task due to its system model nonlinearities and high external uncertainties. The main goal of the current work is to propose an intelligent control of the wind turbine system without the need for model identification. For this purpose, a novel model-independent nonsingular terminal sliding-mode control (MINTSMC) using the basic principles of the ultra-local model (ULM) and combined with the single input interval type-2 fuzzy logic control (SIT2-FLC) is developed for non-linear wind turbine pitch angle control. In the suggested control framework, the... 

As wind energy is becoming one of the fastest-growing renewable energy resources, controlling large-scale wind turbines remains a challenging task due to its system model nonlinearities and high external uncertainties. The main goal of the current work is to propose an intelligent control of the wind turbine system without the need for model identification. For this purpose, a novel model-independent nonsingular terminal sliding-mode control (MINTSMC) using the basic principles of the ultra-local model (ULM) and combined with the single input interval type-2 fuzzy logic control (SIT2-FLC) is developed for non-linear wind turbine pitch angle control. In the suggested control framework, the... 

Hastening the power industry reregulation juxtaposed with the unprecedented utilization of uncertain renewable energies (REs), faces power system operation with sever uncertainties. Consequently, uncertainty assessment of system performance is an obligation. This paper reviews the probabilistic techniques used for probabilistic optimal power flow (P-OPF) studies and proposes a novel and powerful approach using the unscented transformation (UT) method. The heart of the proposed method lies in how to produce the sampling points. Appropriate sampling points are chosen to perform the P-OPF with a high degree of accuracy and less computational burden compared with features of other existing... 

Present study introduces the vertical gap between the blades of a Savonius rotor's blades as a parameter that can enhance performance of the rotor. To provide comprehensive concept about application of gap between blades, two different models were tested in different working conditions and working regimes. The study completed by using R.S.M. turbulence model through ANSYS Fluent commercial software package. Utilization of the method was validated by comparing results of a conventional model with experimental data from one of the references. Results of the study proved that application of a proper gap between blades can improve rotor's moment coefficient by 20 percent; however, the amount of... 

Extensive wind tunnel tests have been conducted to investigate effects of turbulence intensity variations on the behavior of a section of a wind turbine blade in an oscillatory motion. Special emphasize was applied on the aerodynamic characteristics when oscillating the model in the vicinity of its static stall angle of attack and in the post stall condition. The model had 0.25m chord and was pitched about its quarter-chord. Data were acquired at various Reynolds number, and reduced frequency. Results show that turbulent intensity has strong effect on the unsteady load coefficients, hence aerodynamic performance of this model. Furthermore, free stream turbulence has different effect on the... 

Wind generation is one of the most successful sources of renewable energy for the production of electrical energy. The technical characteristics of wind generation make existing conventional generation models not directly applicable. This paper presents an analytical method for the reliability assessment of the flat-rated wind turbine generation systems. An example of flat rating is that of the MOD-2, a second-generation class of wind turbines. The power-velocity characteristic of the flat-rated wind turbines is employed in this paper to model the operating behavior of the installed wind turbine generators. For wind-power potential estimation, the Weibull distribution model is used. The...