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water-supply
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Methods to Derive the Differential Equation of the Free Surface Boundary
, Article Ground Water ; Volume 49, Issue 2 , 2011 , Pages 133-143 ; 0017467X (ISSN) ; Neuman, S. P ; Strack, O. D. L ; Verruijt, A ; Jamali, M ; Seymour, B ; Bear, J ; Cheng, A. H. D ; Chen, C ; Kuang, X ; Jiao, J. J ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
A laboratory study of sediment phosphorus flux in the latian dam reservoir
, Article 2005 World Water and Environmental Resources Congress, Anchorage, AK, 15 May 2005 through 19 May 2005 ; 2005 , Pages 320- ; 0784407924 (ISBN); 9780784407929 (ISBN) ; Tajrishy, M ; Nazari, A ; Abrishamchy, A ; Sharif University of Technology
2005
Abstract
The Latian dam is located on the Jajrood River in the northeast of Tehran the capital of Iran. It is one of the most important water supply reservoirs in this city and supplies 30 percent of the total water demand of 11 million people in this city. This research measures phosphorus release from sediments of Latian Dam and the role of the tubifex in phosphorus release. Because of sediment composition variation, sediment sample were taken from two points in the Latian dam. The sediments were analyzed for total phosphorus, the form of phosphorus and release rate under different conditions of water column and the absence or present of tubifex. The results show that the amount of phosphorus are...
Water Market Modeling in Response to Water Resources Allocation Challenges in Orumieh River Basin
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Abrishamchi, Ahmad (Supervisor) ; Arhami, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
In recent years, water issues have been the focus of increasing international concern and debate. Agriculture is not only the world's largest water user in terms of volume, it is also a relatively low-value, low-efficiency water user. These facts are forcing governments and donors to rethink the economic, social and environmental implications of irrigation projects. Population growth, increase in water demand, the extended drought and utilization of too much water for agricultural, have been made water conflicts over water resources. Due to the drought has a significant economic and social impact on the irrigated agricultural sector, Water markets based on transferable water rights developed...
Optimum Water Allocation Modeling at Basin Scale by Integration of Waterbasin Hydrologic and Socio-economic Properties and Their Uncertainties
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Ardakanian, Reza (Supervisor)
Abstract
Most of the recent hydro-system researches lent themselves to integrated modeling of interactions between agricultural water demand and hydro-system operation for better agricultural water demand management. Large share of water consumption by agriculture sector and general acceptance of integrated water supply and demand management by water sector decision makers highlighted this approach in hydro-systems analysis. This approach in modeling helps to achieve a better management strategy for agricultural water demand and supply with the least reduction in agri-sector economic indices, while supplying industry, domestic and environmental target demands. However, agriculture, industry and...
Pressure - Leakage relation in urban water distribution systems
, Article Proceedings of the ASCE International Conference on Pipeline Engineering and Construction: New Pipeline Technologies, Security and Safety, Baltimore, MD, 13 June 2003 through 16 June 2003 ; Volume 1 , 2003 , Pages 304-312 ; 0784406901 (ISBN); 9780784406908 (ISBN) ; Ghazali, A. A ; Sharif University of Technology
American Society of Civil Engineers Texas Section
2003
Abstract
Due to increase of per capita water usage, water supply costs and population growth rate; optimal usages of available resources are vital. This is especially important in developing countries. If we add water resource deficits to the above problems, its importance duplicates. One of the ways of using resources optimally is utilizing transferred water in distribution systems properly and preventing its loss. Unaccounted for water (UFW) is an indicator of water loss in most cities. A big part of UFW is due to leakage of pipeline in distribution systems. Researchers have found direct relation between leakage and pressure in distribution systems. Earlier works have shown a series of laboratory...
Multi-criteria decision making for integrated urban water management
, Article IAHS-AISH Publication ; Issue 293 , 2005 , Pages 73-82 ; 01447815 (ISSN) ; Abrishamchi, A ; Ardakanian, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2005
Abstract
The integration of water demand management measures using a multi-criteria decision making model is discussed. The demand management measures include leakage detection, water metering and distribution network rehabilitation. A Compromise Programming method is used for integration of criteria including economic efficiency, public health and sustainability. The model is found to be efficient for long-term plans for implementation and usage of resources and is capable of being employed by decision makers in comprehensive urban water management studies
Hydraulic Assessment of Seismic Resilience of Urban Water Supply Network
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Safaie Nematollahi, Ammar (Supervisor) ; Mahsuli, Mojtaba (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the resilience of the urban water supply network against earthquakes, A hydraulic analysis of the water supply network was implemented in Rtx software to study the effective parameters in the resilience of the network. Rtx software is a tool for assessing the reliability and resilience of communities and infrastructure to natural hazards by taking into account related uncertainties. The water supply network, like other networks, is affected by earthquakes. The seismic damage varies depending on the vulnerability of the network, the intensity of the earthquake, the focal depth, and the distance from the epicenter. Thus, it reduces the ability of the...
Failure risk assessment of interdependent infrastructures against earthquake, a Petri net approach: Case study-power and water distribution networks
, Article Natural Hazards ; Vol. 71, issue. 3 , April , 2014 , pp. 1971-1993 ; ISSN: 0921030X ; Hojjati Malekshah, M ; Omidvar, H ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Metropolitan areas consist of complicated systems of interconnected infrastructures that are highly interdependent. Disruption of one infrastructure may induce disruption in other interconnected ones. The results from analysis of one infrastructure as an independent system are not realistic without considering the behavior of other interconnected infrastructures. Consequently, the study of the interdependencies among critical infrastructures is important for addressing the cascading effects of a failed infrastructure on the entire network to properly model its performance and help the disaster management team in decision making. In this study, the extended Petri net and Markov chain have...
Numerical study on water distribution in different layers of direct methanol fuel cells
, Article Journal of the Electrochemical Society ; Vol. 161, issue. 8 , 2014 , pp. E3110-E3124 ; ISSN: 00134651 ; Baghalha, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In this paper, a two-dimensional, two-phase, isothermal model is presented to investigate the water transport characteristic and water distribution in a direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with emphasis on exploring the water distribution in different layers of DMFC. The liquid-gas two-phase mass transport in the porous anode and cathode is formulated based on multi-fluid model in porous media and water and methanol crossover through the membrane are considered with the effect of diffusion, electro-osmotic drag, and convection. The modeling results agree well with the three different experimental data in an extensive range of operation conditions. A parametric study is also performed to examine...
Exploring source water mixing and transient residence time distributions of outflow and evapotranspiration with an integrated hydrologic model and Lagrangian particle tracking approach
, Article Ecohydrology ; 2018 ; 19360584 (ISSN) ; Condon, L. E ; Danesh Yazdi, M ; Bearup, L. A ; Sharif University of Technology
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
2018
Abstract
Understanding the time water takes as it moves from rain or snowmelt through the terrestrial system to arrive as stream discharge, or evapotranspiration (ET) is an important hydrologic quantity. We develop a Lagrangian particle tracking method to capture transient residence times from source to either ET or outflow in an integrated hydrologic model. This method is parallel and efficiently captures time evolution of parcels of water in the model and tracks the source of water for hydrograph or ET separation. We demonstrate this model using hypothetical hillslope simulations driven by snow or rain dominated forcing and two different land cover types. We show that land cover and forcing both...
Integrated water resources management in Polrud irrigation system
, Article Water Resources Management ; Volume 20, Issue 2 , 2006 , Pages 215-225 ; 09204741 (ISSN) ; Sharif University of Technology
2006
Abstract
Water is needed in all aspects of life and is vital to its social, economical and environmental dimensions. Having a key role in sustainable development, water management requires an integrated approach. Irrigation Water shortage promotes the development of innovative management and supply enhancement models. Effective water management requires a comprehensive consideration of all related aspects, e.g., technical, social, environmental, institutional, political and financial. Then the conventional methods of cost-benefit analysis and single-objective models have changed to multi-objective models. The rising of population in Iran puts significant pressure on authorities and infrastructures to...
Development of a saturation-based μ(I)-rheology for wet granular materials using discrete element method
, Article Scientia Iranica ; Volume 28, Issue 5 B , 2021 , Pages 2719-2732 ; 10263098 (ISSN) ; Taghizadeh Manzari, M ; Hajilouy Benisi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Sharif University of Technology
2021
Abstract
The present study employs Discrete Element Method (DEM) to establish a rheological model that relates the apparent viscosity of a granular material to shear rate, normal stress, and water saturation. In addition, a theoretical model was developed to determine water distribution and water-induced forces between particles for different saturations. The resulting forces were embedded in a 3D shear cell as a numerical rheometer, and a wet specimen was sheared between two walls. A power law rheological model was then obtained as a function of inertia number and saturation. It was found that up to a critical saturation, the apparent viscosity increased with saturation that was higher than that of...
A novel hybrid systemic modeling into sustainable dynamic urban water metabolism management: Case study
, Article Sustainable Cities and Society ; Volume 85 , 2022 ; 22106707 (ISSN) ; Zarghami, M ; Tizghadam, M ; Abbasi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2022
Abstract
Over the past few years, due to increasing population, limited water resources, and other pressures on the urban water systems (UWS), urban water management has become a major concern for urban policymakers to develop efficient management solutions. In this study, a new hybrid model called sustainable dynamic urban water metabolism management (SDUWMM) is presented, based on urban water metabolism and system dynamics. Isfahan's UWS has been modeled by SDUWMM and its conditions have been simulated until 2041. SDUWMM considers effective internal relationships of the UWS components such as population, climate change, water supply and demand, infrastructures condition, water price, costs and...
Development of water conservation indicators for office buildings using Delphi method
, Article Jordan Journal of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering ; Volume 16, Issue 2 , 2022 , Pages 247-259 ; 19956665 (ISSN) ; Gholami, J ; Fereydooni, M ; Moshari, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Hashemite University
2022
Abstract
One of the main concerns in source water protection and supply relates to the savings in water consumption in the building sectors. Office buildings are responsible for a considerable amount of water consumption worldwide. Thus, regulations on office buildings' water consumption would substantially reduce water consumption in the city as a whole. In order to achieve this objective, water indicators should be determined using an appropriate method. The present study focuses on the evaluation of water consumption patterns in an office building as well as the determination of the fundamental indicators for water conservation and optimization of water consumption patterns. To design and...
The delusive accuracy of global irrigation water withdrawal estimates
, Article Nature Communications ; Volume 13, Issue 1 , 2022 ; 20411723 (ISSN) ; Sheikholeslami, R ; Gupta, H. V ; Hall, J. W ; Lankford, B ; Lo Piano, S ; Meier, J ; Pappenberger, F ; Porporato, A ; Vico, G ; Saltelli, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Nature Research
2022
Development of a dynamic long-term water allocation model for agriculture and industry water demands
, Article Water Resources Management ; Volume 24, Issue 9 , 2010 , Pages 1717-1746 ; 09204741 (ISSN) ; Ardakanian, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
Demands growth and water resources limitation, enforce water sector policy makers to integrate water supply-demand interactions in a coherent framework for efficient water allocation. Water supply-demand interaction, changes long-term trend of water demands, which in turn has a substantial influence on water allocation. Researches on water allocation modeling lack adequate projection of relationship between water supply and demand. Socio-economic factors representing water allocation stakeholders' benefits, account for the main share of water supply-demand interaction. Identification, representation and consideration of these factors in a water allocation model, is the main limitation of...
Multi-criteria decision making for integrated urban water management
, Article Water Resources Management ; Volume 22, Issue 8 , 2008 , Pages 1017-1029 ; 09204741 (ISSN) ; Abrishamchi, A ; Ardakanian, R ; Sharif University of Technology
2008
Abstract
The city of Zahedan, in South-eastern Iran, has high population growth, limited local freshwater resources and inadequate water distribution system resulting in water supply failures in recent years. This paper will investigate integration of several demand management measures such as leakage detection on water distribution network, water metering and low volume water fixtures as well as the conjunctive use of surface and groundwater resources of this city. For integration of water management criteria, compromise programming will be used as a multi-objective decision making method. The criteria include minimizing the cost, maximizing water supply and minimizing the social hazards due to the...
Comparative analysis of agricultural water pricing between Azarbaijan Provinces in Iran and the state of California in the US: A hydro-economic approach
, Article Agricultural Water Management ; Volume 223 , 2019 ; 03783774 (ISSN) ; Zakeri, Z ; Esfandiari, M ; Behzadian, K ; Zahedi, S ; Razavi, V ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2019
Abstract
Iranian water authority has recently announced that one of the effective ways to avoid unprecedented high water consumption in Iran's agriculture sector is to increase water price. This paper analyzes the feasibility of this policy by using a hydro-economic approach with the aim to consider the role of water pricing in agricultural water management. Such an analysis was conducted through comparing price of water consumed for producing selected agricultural crops (i.e. wheat, sugar beets, onion, tomato, barley, potato, corn, alfalfa hay and watermelon) in a case study on two provinces (East Azarbaijan and West Azarbaijan) in Iran to that in the state of California (CA) in the USA. According...
Effects of microhydrophobic porous layer on water distribution in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells
, Article Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology ; Vol. 11, Issue. 1 , 2014 ; ISSN: 1550-624X ; Roshandel, R ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) at high current densities is limited to transport reactants and products. Furthermore, large amounts of water are generated and may be condensed due to the low temperature of the PEMFC. Development of a two-phase flow model is necessary in order to predict water flooding and its effects on the PEMFC performance. In this paper, a multiphase mixture model (M2) is used, accurately, to model two-phase transport in porous media of a PEMFC. The cathode side, which includes channel, gas diffusion layer (GDL), microporous layer (MPL), and catalyst layer (CL), is considered as the computational domain. A multidomain approach has been used...
Treatment of welding electrode manufacturing plant wastewater using coagulation/flocculationnanofiltration as a hybrid process
, Article Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering ; Volume 28, Issue 1 , Mar , 2011 , Pages 73-79 ; 01046632 (ISSN) ; Mousavi, M ; Borghei, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
High water consumption and water scarcity make industrial wastewater reuse necessary, especially in those industries characterized by polluted effluents such as welding electrode manufacturing industries. The present paper investigates the coupling of coagulation-flocculation with nanofiltration (NF) to recycle water and reuse it in the process. First, the effect of different concentrations of a mixture of alum (Al2(SO4) 3.18H2O) and ferric chloride (FeCl3) on the pretreatment process was closely studied. Then the NF process was applied for complementary treatment. The NF results show that, by increasing both flow rate and transmembrane pressure (TMP), permeate flux is increased. The NF...