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Modeling of catalyst deactivation in zeolite-catalyzed alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene
, Article Chemical Engineering Science ; Volume 65, Issue 2 , 2010 , Pages 645-650 ; 00092509 (ISSN) ; Kazemeini, M ; Khorasheh, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
The deactivation of solid acid catalysts in liquid phase alkylation of isobutane with 2-butene was investigated. Since under liquid phase conditions the alkylation reaction is severely diffusion limited, effects of diffusion on the rate of reaction and deactivation pathways were considered. In the present work, an attempt has been made to implement more appropriate assumptions in order to properly model catalyst deactivation in a mixed reactor. Accordingly, spatial variation of diffusivity in the pores of the catalyst was considered as a function of time on stream. The effect of the pore mouth plugging was also investigated and it was found that this phenomenon had a pronounced effect on the...
Highly efficient one-pot three-component mannich reaction under solvent-free conditions
, Article Scientia Iranica ; Volume 16, Issue 2 C , 2009 , Pages 94-98 ; 10263098 (ISSN) ; Ebrahimi, F ; Saidi, M. R ; Sharif University of Technology
2009
Abstract
A mild and practically-convenient one-pot procedure for the direct Mannich reaction has been developed using a condensation of amines, aldehydes and unmodified ketones under solvent free conditions in the presence of Znl 2 with good to excellent yields. The present methodology offers several advantages, such as excellent yields, simple procedures, short reaction times and milder conditions with very small amounts of catalyst. Furthermore, it is the first time that the catalytic activity of several catalysts under solvent free conditions has been studied. It was found that both the diastereoselectivity and the rate of reaction were improved with various Lewis acids and metal oxides. However,...