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potable-water
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Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Freeze Desalination of Seawater
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Afshin, Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
Access to potable water with standard quality is an inevitable component of human’s lives. Freeze desalination, by consuming lower energy compared to other techniques, relies on the exertion of a cold source which is then accompanied by simultaneous rejection of impurities from water. Regarding this, a numerical study on freeze desalination a hollow cylinder is carried out to determine the effects of the design variables such as heat flux, hydraulic diameter, initial salt concentration, and freezing time on the ice mass, ice salinity, ice generation speed, and Nusselt number on a cold surface of the inner tube. Results show that increasing the value of heat flux from -250 W/m^2 to -1000...
Numerical Study and Optimization of Effective Parameters in Freeze Desalination
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Afshin, Hossein (Supervisor)
Abstract
Freeze desalination as a water refining method has attracted a lot of attention due to its potential in lowering process energy consumption compared to other methods. This method is based on the fact that the dissolved salt is drained from the saline water during its freezing. The current study conducts a parametric study on freezing saline water in a cylindrical container to investigate the impact of geometric and functional factors affecting the desalination quality. This has been done by examining the aforesaid factors in the form of dimensionless parameters such as thermal Grashof number, solutal Grashof number, and Jacob number. In addition, in order to improve the desalination, a novel...
Surveying the jagorood river's self-purification
, Article 6th International Conference on Environmental Informatics, ISEIS 2007 ; 21-23 November , 2014 ; Mirzai, M ; Sajadi, S. A. A ; Alamolhoda, A. A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
the development and enlargement of city structure has caused the environmental problems on watershed of Latian dam which is one of the drinking water resourses of Tehran. The enlargement of Lavasan town and existence of an army garrison that it's effluents of treatment plant discharge to this river necessitate a water quality surveillance in entrance area of the dam. The present research includes the survey of this river's self-purification in the mentioned-above area. Numerical analysis is used in different methods to explain self- purification. Frist, we have the numerical analysis and analytical methods for a known sample in order to determine the accuracy and deviation between two...
Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution using photocatalytic reaction on perlite granules covered by nano TiO2 particles
, Article Journal of Molecular Liquids ; Volume 242 , 2017 , Pages 357-363 ; 01677322 (ISSN) ; Vossoughi, M ; Rashidi Mehr Abadi, A ; Heravi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Humic acid (HA) constitutes a large portion of natural organic matter (NOM), and is the main precursor of toxic and cancerogenic Trihalomethanes compounds, formed during chlorination of drinking water. Therefore, it is essential that the humic acid be eliminated from water before treating it. The present study aims to investigate the photocatalytic degradation of humic acid (HA) using TiO2 nanoparticles immobilized on perlite granules (TIP), irradiated by UV light in a photoreactor. Samples of coated perlites were prepared by a dip coating method using a commercial powder of TiO2. Characteristics of the prepared samples were evaluated by X-ray and scanning electron microscope techniques....
Hydrogel materials as an emerging platform for desalination and the production of purified water
, Article Separation and Purification Reviews ; 2020 , Pages 1-20 ; Ghannadi Maragheh, M ; Torab Mostaedi, M ; Torkaman, R ; Asadollahzadeh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Taylor and Francis Inc
2020
Abstract
Water is the most abundant liquid on Earth, but only 2.5% of worldwide water are fresh. It is impossible to ignore the importance of water in almost every process on Earth, from the smallest bacteria life to the formation of the continents. Today, efforts for the desalination of seawater and brackish water are critical to produce drinking water. In recent years, a novel material: hydrogel, was considered in desalination processes. Interesting hydrogel applications were proposed for forward osmosis desalination, solar still, electrodialysis, and capacitive desalination. Simple and inexpensive desalination ways for drinking water production are needed. Hydrogel compounds are one of the leading...
Design and Optimization of a Novel Power Cycle and Seawater Freeze Desalination System by Utilizing the Cold Energy of Liquefied Natural Gas
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Afshin, Hossein (Supervisor) ; Kazemzadeh Hanani, Siamak (Supervisor)
Abstract
Access to potable water with standard quality is an inevitable component of human’s lives. Seawater desalination is the precedure of removing the impurities and contaminants in water to achieve the suitable quality for human consumption. Freeze desalination, by consuming relatively much lower energy compared to other techniques has shown to be a promising method for desalination. This technique requires the exertion of a cold source to the system which is then accompanied by simultaneous rejection of the impurities from the water. Regarding this, a numerical study on freeze desalination a hollow cylinder is carried out to determine the effects of the design variables such as heat flux,...
Investigation of solar desalination pond performance experimentally and mathematically
, Article Journal of Energy Resources Technology, Transactions of the ASME ; Volume 134, Issue 4 , 2012 ; 01950738 (ISSN) ; Mowla, D ; Jafari Nasr, M. R ; Soltanieh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
ASME
2012
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental analysis of performance of a solar desalination pond as a second stage of proposed zero discharge desalination processes is considered in this work. Major purpose of this proposed process is producing salt and potable water. Experiments are conducted for brackish wastewater with different salinity content. The relation between temperature variations of brackish water, glass, and base of solar desalination pond with condensation rate are discussed. Results indicate when brackish water temperature is increasing; the average daily production of solar desalination pond is increased considerably. Results of the mathematical modeling show good agreement with...
Experimental study of forced circulation evaporator in zero discharge desalination process
, Article Desalination ; Volume 285 , January , 2012 , Pages 352-358 ; 00119164 (ISSN) ; Mowla, D ; Jafari Nasr, M. R ; Soltanieh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
Zero discharge desalination process is the most promising technology to prevent salinity and thermal shocks to ecosystem by effluent streams of desalination unit drained into the sea. Pretreatment, solar pond and forced circulation crystallizer are the major steps of one option to provide the purposes of zero discharge desalination process. Reduction of total hardness of wastewater occurs in pretreatment unit and the solar pond is proposed for effluent concentrated brine wastewater of pretreatment unit which seeks production of potable water and concentrated brine. The effluent stream from solar pond is conveyed to one forced circulation evaporator in order to produce salt and distilled...
Overview on the separation and removal of Haloaceticacid'S in drinking water
, Article 4th WSEAS International Conference on Waste Management, Water Pollution, Air Pollution, Indoor Climate, WWAI '10, 3 May 2010 through 6 May 2010, Sousse ; 2010 , Pages 25-31 ; 9789604741908 (ISBN) ; Soltanieh, M ; Mosavi, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2010
Abstract
The increase of pollution and the expansion of industrial, agricultural wastewater and urban runoff discharges in water sources have intensified the concentration of water pollutants. Considering that in Iran as in other countries the major part of drinking water is obtained from surface waters and due to the importance of disinfection, chlorination is doubtlessly the optimum and most common water treatment method used. However this method produces chlorination by-products (CBPs). Trihalomethanes(THMs) and Haloaceticacids (HAAs) are the main and most important groups of disinfection by-products (DBPs). Separation of THMs has gained a lot of breakthroughs since a lot of time elapses from its...
Evaluation of seepage problem under a concrete dam with finite volume method
, Article Proceedings of the 7th IASME / WSEAS International Conference on Fluid Mechanics and Aerodynamics, FMA '09, 20 August 2009 through 22 August 2009 ; 2009 , Pages 34-40 ; 9789604741069 (ISBN) ; Abdi Dezfuli, E ; Zebardast, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Abstract
In most of countries, underground waters are the most important sources to provide drinking water. So it is necessary to make scheme and to do high protection of to achieve maximum beneficiary. Necessity of this management is going to be felt by developing these sources and human's interference. However, in the past overtopping phenomenon was the first reason of dam's destruction, but nowadays by increasing of spate design's period, the significant problem that researchers are interfere with, is seepage problem. The purpose of solving the underground problems is to procure height of water as a function of coordinate and time. In observation of practical industries, we can use the...
Solar-assisted bacterial disinfection and removal of contaminants of emerging concern by Fe2+-activated HSO5- vs. S2O82- in drinking water
, Article Applied Catalysis B: Environmental ; Volume 248 , 2019 , Pages 62-72 ; 09263373 (ISSN) ; Giannakis, S ; Marjanovic, M ; Kohantorabi, M ; Gholami, M. R ; Grandjean, D ; de Alencastro, L. F ; Pulgarín, C ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2019
Abstract
This research demonstrates the feasibility to enhance solar disinfection (SODIS) treatment by addition of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) by the generation of sulfate (and hydroxyl) radicals through different activation routes. The different promoters were i) sunlight irradiation, ii) mild heat (40 °C), and iii) μM amounts of Fe2+, all present during actual field SODIS experiments, or voluntarily added alongside PMS/PDS. In a first approach, the promoters were studied separately, in pairs and finally all together in a combined process (CP). In all the cases, PMS showed a higher efficiency than PDS in E. coli removal, requiring lower concentration and a faster reaction time...
Fast and ultra-sensitive voltammetric detection of lead ions by two-dimensional graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanolayers as glassy carbon electrode modifier
, Article Measurement: Journal of the International Measurement Confederation ; Volume 134 , 2019 , Pages 679-687 ; 02632241 (ISSN) ; Jalilian, P ; Rezvani, E ; Kakavand, A ; Simchi, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2019
Abstract
Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has attracted great interest for photo(electro)chemical applications such as sensing, solar energy exploitation, photocatalysis, and hydrogen generation. This paper presents the potential application and benefits of g-C3N4 nanolayers as a green and highly efficient electrode modifier for the detection of trace lead ions in drinking water and urban dust samples. Carbon nitride nanosheets with a thickness of ∼6 A° and lateral of 100–150 nm were prepared through high-temperature polymerization of melamine followed by sonication-assisted liquid exfoliation. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified by a thin layer of g-C3N4 through drop casting and...
Numerical investigation and optimization of indirect freeze desalination
, Article Desalination ; Volume 481 , 2020 ; Salakhi, M ; Afshin, H ; Hannani, S. K ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier B.V
2020
Abstract
Access to potable water with standard quality is an inevitable component of human's lives. Freeze desalination, by consuming lower energy compared to other techniques, relies on the exertion of a cold source which is then accompanied by simultaneous rejection of impurities from water. Regarding this, a numerical study on freeze desalination in a hollow cylinder is carried out to determine the effects of the design variables such as heat flux, hydraulic diameter, initial salt concentration, and freezing time on the ice mass, ice salinity, ice generation speed, and Nusselt number on the cold surface of the inner tube. Results show that increasing the value of heat flux from −250 [Formula...
Assessment of the impacts of sewerage network on groundwater quantity and nitrate contamination: case study of tehran
, Article World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2020: Groundwater, Sustainability, Hydro-Climate/Climate Change, and Environmental Engineering, 17 May 2020 through 21 May 2020 ; 2020 , Pages 53-66 ; Kerachian, R ; Aghayi, M. M ; Zahraie, B ; Zhu, Z ; Sharif University of Technology
American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
2020
Abstract
Many communities in arid and semi-Arid areas rely on groundwater for drinking water. However, anthropogenic activities such as the use of fertilizers and human waste disposal impose the risk of nitrate pollution to the aquifers. With over 8.5 million population, Tehran, the capital of Iran, has experienced rapid population growth during the past decades while the majority of the city did not have a sewerage network and the main way of wastewater disposal was individual cesspits inside houses. The long-Term discharge of raw wastewater in cesspits has increased nitrate concentration in the Tehran aquifer which serves as a source of one-Third of drinking water for the city. Although the...
The application of multi-criteria (AHP-PROMETHEE) decision-making methods in selecting and prioritizing the green area irrigation resources
, Article International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ; 2020 ; Abbaspour, M ; Javid, A. H ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer
2020
Abstract
One of the underlying factors in the conservation and development of urban green spaces is the available water resources use for green areas in each region. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce the integration of a proper simulation method for runoff along with AHP-PROMETHEE decision-making method for water resources management in urban basins. The application of this approach was investigated in the city Buin Zahra of Qazvin Province of Iran. In the first step by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the available water resources in the case study were weighted. In the second step, the water resources of the municipal and residential wells and water collected by...
A review on the water-energy nexus for drinking water production from humid air
, Article Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews ; Volume 120 , 2020 ; Ghannadi Maragheh, M ; Torab Mostaedi, M ; Torkaman, R ; Asadollahzadeh, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2020
Abstract
The Supply of sustainable freshwater has turned into a fundamental problem in numerous countries. The increment in population, the industrialization of the world, and variation in global warming temperatures lead to an increase in droughts, storms, and floods around the world. Therefore, the problems of water scarcity appear worldwide. Contrary to popular belief, the largest reserves of water are available in the air. Accordingly, several technologies have been developed for the production of drinking water from humid air in the research works. But, the critical problem is the high energy consumption in this equipment. Therefore, the issues of water-energy nexus are the particular subject in...
Producing water from saline streams using membrane distillation: Modeling and optimization using CFD and design expert
, Article International Journal of Energy Research ; Volume 44, Issue 11 , 2020 , Pages 8841-8853 ; Rezakazemi, M ; Younas, M ; Sharif University of Technology
John Wiley and Sons Ltd
2020
Abstract
Due to the increasing need for drinking water in the world, various membrane processes have been developing significantly over the past several years. The process of membrane distillation is one of the non-isothermal processes that cause steam to pass from the membrane due to the difference in temperature and the resulting difference in vapor pressure. Due to the lack of precision in the amount of flux and thermal efficiency in various operating conditions the membrane distillation process still needs development. This article attempted to examine the effects of flowrate, temperature, and module length on the performance of the membrane distillation process using computational fluid dynamics...
Facile and ultra-sensitive voltammetric electrodetection of Hg2+in aqueous media using electrodeposited AuPtNPs/ITO
, Article Analytical Methods ; Volume 13, Issue 24 , 2021 , Pages 2688-2700 ; 17599660 (ISSN) ; Siavash Moakhar, R ; Sharifi Abdar, P ; Zargarnezhad, H ; Shone, M ; Rahmani, A. R ; Moradi, N ; Niksefat, V ; Shayar Bahadori, K ; Dolati, A ; Sharif University of Technology
Royal Society of Chemistry
2021
Abstract
In this study, we have investigated the use of electrodeposited Au-Pt nanoparticles (AuPtNPs) on indium tin oxide (ITO) for the detection of Hg2+ heavy ions in water samples. The mechanism of AuPtNP electrocrystallization on ITO glass in an aqueous solution containing 0.5 mM HAuCl4 + 0.5 mM H2PtCl6 is described for the first time. The nucleation mechanism of monometallic AuNPs on ITO was found to be progressive; however, a transition from progressive to instantaneous was observed for bimetallic AuPtNPs at elevated overpotentials. The modified ITOs were then assessed for the electrodetection of Hg2+ in aqueous media. It was shown by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) that the sensitivity of...
Conceptual arrangement and basic design of drinking water reverse osmosis desalination plants
, Article International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology ; Volume 18, Issue 12 , 2021 , Pages 4019-4036 ; 17351472 (ISSN) ; Farhadi, F ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH
2021
Abstract
To propose a conceptual arrangement of reverse osmosis desalination plants, four comprehensive decision algorithms and a software are developed. Typically, commercial software predict the performance of the reverse osmosis membranes based on their pre-determined configuration; however, the developed decision algorithms and the developed software in this study have the capability of introducing the conceptual arrangement of pretreatment units, reverse osmosis membranes, and energy recovery devices for both seawater and brackish water reverse osmosis plants. To perform a comprehensive study, alongside the developed software and the decision algorithms, both design considerations of the...
Utilization of in-pipe hydropower renewable energy technology and energy storage systems in mountainous distribution networks
, Article Renewable Energy ; Volume 172 , 2021 , Pages 789-801 ; 09601481 (ISSN) ; Mazaheri, H ; Ranjbar, H ; Moeini Aghtaie, M ; Lehtonen, M ; Sharif University of Technology
Elsevier Ltd
2021
Abstract
Million miles of gravity-fed drinking water and sewage pipelines around the world, especially in rural and urban areas in mountain ranges, have introduced a new renewable energy sources (RES), i.e., in-pipe hydropower systems (IHS). Output power of this technology, similar to other types of RES, suffers from intermittency, while it is still more predictable in comparison to other technologies of RESs. Besides, energy storage systems (ESS) are introduced as a pivotal technology for dealing with the intermittent and non-dispatchable characteristics of IHS through spatio-temporal arbitrage. This paper aims to develop a stochastic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) formulation that...