Sharif Digital Repository

Metallic or ceramic micro/nanoporous materials have attracted particular attention due to some interesting structural and functional properties. There exist a variety of methods for producing porous materials by which optimized features can be reached. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) is one of these new-emerging approaches. This technique is often combined with conventional technologies and produce a variety of porous structures with tailorable microstructure and physicomechanical properties. This review addresses SPS and obtainable porous materials with nanoscale and microscale microstructural features. The processing methods, microstructural phenomena, and physicomechanical properties of... 

Co-based FSX-414 superalloy is especially used for first-stage nozzles of gas turbines. Transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding has potential as repair process for these nozzles. In this study, homogenization of TLP-bonded FSX-414 superalloy at optimum bonding condition (1150 °C/5 min) was conducted at 1175, 1200, and 1225 °C for 1, 3, and 6 h. Homogenization at 1175 °C/1 h had no effect on removing the diffusion-affected zone (DAZ) phases. Increasing the time to 6 h was effective in removing DAZ phases and boride phases formed due to liquefaction, but compositional homogenization was not complete. Homogenization at 1200 °C for 1 h caused boride phases to form adjacent to the joint and in the... 

The microstructure of cold rolled Al–6Mg alloy is investigated after two steps annealing at different coupled temperatures of 250–320 °C and 320–400 °C for various times. Dynamic strain aging behavior in terms of serrated flow and strain rate sensitivity is investigated. The effect of three microstructural features, cell structure, recovered and recrystallized microstructures, on the strain rate sensitivity is elucidated. Two steps annealing process is utilized to capture the effect of recovery and precipitation phenomena on recrystallization and dynamic strain aging behaviors. The results show that the negative strain rate sensitivity of cold rolled specimen increases to positive values in... 

A new type of collapsible soil was encountered in Southern Iran and caused some serious technical problems including subsidence, collapse and sinkholes during the construction of Zahedan-Chabahar railway. Field observations indicated that in-situ soil contains excessive amount of salts resulting in dispersive features in response to seepage forces in addition to its collapsibility. Therefore, a systematic research plan including field sampling and laboratory testing was carried out to investigate the observed geotechnical features. Results of physio-chemical tests revealed the dominance of Sodium in excess of 70% relative to total dissolved salts, which results in high dispersive potential.... 

Cu-alloyed sintered steels are one of the main product groups in ferrous powder metallurgy (P/M). To expand the application of P/M technology to different sectors of industry and to create new market, it is believed that rapid prototyping and short serial production of sintered parts for functional testing is important. In the present work, rapid prototyping of sintered Fe-C-Cu steel powders by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process was studied. Fe, Fe-0.8%C, Fe-2%Cu, Fe-4%Cu, Fe-0.8%C-2%Cu-0.35%P powders were laser sintered in widely varying conditions. The densification and microstructural features of the sintered parts were evaluated. The results revealed that rapid prototyping of... 

In this paper, the shear deformation behavior of A286 Iron-based superalloy was studied with an emphasis on the influence of η phase on shear strength. The η (Ni3Ti phase precipitates at high temperature heat treatment or during services at the expense of gamma prime phase. According to the microstructural features, no evidences of η phase were found at 650 and 720°C. η phase precipitated at 780 and 840°C and the amount of it increased with an increase the time and temperature. Because of using the alloy as fasteners, investigation of shear properties and the influence of η phase on it are indispensable. The shear strength of the alloy with different volume fractions of η was examined. It... 

IN738LC is one of the superior nickel base superalloys utilized at high temperatures in aggressive environments. However, experiencing high temperatures and stresses during service causes microstructure deterioration and degradation of mechanical properties in this alloy. To restore the microstructure and mechanical properties of the degraded alloy, rejuvenation heat treatments can be considered. In this study, the evolution of microstructural features in a creep damaged IN738LC superalloy during different stages of rejuvenation heat treatment cycles was investigated. During solution treatment stage, dissolution of coarsened γ′ precipitates, grain boundary films and transition zone around... 

Thermo mechanical processing and controlled rolling of microalloyed steel sheets are affected by several factors. In this investigation, finishing temperature of rolling which is considered as the most effective parameters on the final mechanical properties of hot rolled products has been studied. For this purpose, three different finishing temperatures of 950, 900 and 850 °C below the non-recrystallization temperature and one temperature of 800 °C in the intercritical range were chosen. It is observed that decreasing the finishing temperature causes increase of strength and decrease of total elongation. This is accompanied by more grain refinement of microstructure and the morphology was... 

In the present work, we used direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) process to fabricate Al-SiC composite parts directly from a three-dimensional CAD model. Al-7Si-0.3Mg powders were blended with various amounts of SiC particles (5, 10, 15, 20 vol%) at two different sizes (7 and 17 μm) and subjected to direct laser sintering using a 200 W continuous wave CO2 laser beam at various scan rates. The densification and microstructural features of the laser-sintered parts were studied. It is shown that the highest density is obtained for the Al alloy-5% SiC (7 μm) composite powder. The melt stability is also found to be improved in the presence of SiC particles. The microstructure of the... 

Previous studies have shown that a small variation in the chemical composition of metallic glasses (MGs) can drastically alter their strength and ductility. However, the underlying structural origin and atomistic mechanisms remain unclear. Using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations, we studied the effect of chemical composition and affinity on the microstructure and deformation behaviour of Zr50Ni50 − xAlx MG by varying the value of x in the range of 5 ≤ x ≤ 25 (at.%). We show that an increase in x is able to strengthen and embrittle the material. In particular, a ductile (homogeneous deformation) to brittle (shear banding) transition occurs at x ~ 15. To reveal the structural origin,... 

In this paper, a combination of in-situ chemical synthesis and electrolysis methods was applied for the preparation of zinc oxide/graphene oxide quasi core-shell nanoparticles. Pure zinc oxide was also prepared using the same method at different temperatures. 100 °C was selected for synthesizing the ZnO/GO quasi core-shell (zinc oxide as a core and few layers of graphene oxide as a shell). The particle size was 15 ± 2 nm in all samples. In both processes, oxygen was the main reason for the connection between the core and the shell. XRD patterns also confirmed the formation of ZnO (with regular wurtzite structure) and ZnO/GO quasi core-shell structures. Raman spectroscopy results confirmed... 

This study aimed to prepare nanoporous anodic alumina on AA3003-H14 aluminum alloy using a mild anodization process with minimal working voltage and treatment time. The microstructural features, mechanical properties, and tribocorrosion behavior of the coatings were assessed to determine the optimum conditions for the fabrication of nanoporous anodic alumina on AA3003-H14 alloy. The microstructural analysis showed both uniform and nonuniform pore nucleations during anodization in H2SO4/C2H2O4, H2SO4/H2CrO4, and EG/H2O/NH4F electrolytes, where the optimal nanoporous structure with an average thickness, porosity, pore diameter, and interpore distance of 382 nm, 19%, 16 nm, and 35 nm,... 

The size and morphology of secondary phase and intermetallic compounds in gas atomized Al- 20Si-5Fe-2X (X=Cu, Ni, Cr) powders were studied. It was shown that the microstructure compromised of fine particle-like primary Si, aciculate δ-Al9FeSi3 intermetallic compound containing small amount of dissolved alloying elements, and fine Al-Si eutectic matrix. Decreasing the powder particle size yields finer primary silicon but its morphology is not affected. Also, significant refinement in the size of δ-Al9FeSi3 intermetallic was observed as the particles become finer. This particle size effect on the microstructure of Al-20Si-5Fe alloy was found to be influenced by the presence of chromium. Here,... 

This research provides an atomistic picture of the role of ions in modulating the microstructural features of an oil-contaminated calcite surface. This is of crucial importance for the rational design of ion-engineered waterflooding, a promising technique for enhancing oil recovery from carbonate reservoirs. Inspired by a conventional lab-scale procedure, an integrated series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out to resolve the relative contribution of the major ionic constituent of natural brines (i.e., Na+, Cl-, Mg2+, Ca2+, and SO42-) when soaking an oil-bearing calcite surface in different electrolyte solutions of same salinity, namely, CaCl2, MgCl2, Na2SO4, MgSO4, and... 

A high-quality butt joint of aluminum to copper (Al/Cu) can rarely be achieved by conventional fusion and solid-state welding processes. In this research, the appropriateness of friction stir welding (FSW) for making high-quality Al/Cu welds was studied. A sound Al/Cu butt joint was achieved with relatively high strength in uni-axial tensile tests. Mechanical properties and microstructure of the sound friction stir welds were examined. The ultimate tensile strength of the joints reached about 75 percent of the aluminum base metal, with the fracture occurring at aluminum side. The metallurgical study of the welds before and after their failure in tensile tests showed that the heat affected... 

Plates of AA5052 (Al-Mg) alloy in both annealed (solution-treated) and wrought (rolled) temper conditions were subjected to friction stir processing (FSP) at various w/. v pitch ratios from 4 to 28. rev.min/mm. The role of stored strain energy on the evolution of restoration mechanisms and crystallographic texture components were assessed in terms of microstructural features evaluated using electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The results revealed that FSP significantly refined the grain structure and changed the crystallographic micro-texture components. The grain size of the annealed and wrought alloy was reduced from 49.4 and 9.7.... 

Microstructural features, thermal stability and crystallization kinetics of various melt spun Al-based alloys containing transition metals (TM = Ni, Cu) and Ce-based rare earth metals (MM: Misch Metal) were investigated via X-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It is shown that the extended topological instability of Egami-Waseda model (λ criterion) is a useful tool to predict the crystallization behavior of the prepared alloys. FCC-Al nanoparticles are formed during the initial crystallization process. Calculation of the apparent activation energy using the Kissinger method indicates that partial replacement of... 

We present a new semi-solid state procedure for efficient joining of dissimilar materials. The process called fed friction stir processing (FFSP) and works based on in-situ injection of colloidal nanoparticles in the welding line during processing. To present the efficiency of the process, friction stir welding of AA6062 aluminum alloy and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) through injection of alumina nanoparticles is presented. Microstructural features and mechanical characteristics of the weldments are elaborated. It is shown that in-situ feeding of the alumina nanoparticles during FFSP changes the thermo-mechanical regimes of the bonding zone and decreases the thickness of interaction... 

Nanostructured AA6063 (NS-Al) powder with an average grain size of ~100. nm was synthesized by high-energy attrition milling of gas-atomized AA6063 powder followed by hot extrusion. The microstructural features of the consolidated specimen were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques and compared with those of coarse-grained AA6063 (CG-Al) produced by hot powder extrusion of gas-atomized powder (without using mechanical milling). The consolidated NS-Al alloy consisted of elongated ultrafine grains (aspect ratio of ~2.9) and equiaxed nanostructured grains. A high fraction (~78%) of high-angle grain boundaries with average... 

The aim of this work is to study the effect of cooling rate and subsequent hot consolidation on the microstructural features and mechanical strength of Al-20Si-5Fe-2X (X = Cu, Ni and Cr) alloys. Powder and ribbons were produced by gas atomization and melt spinning processes at two different cooling rates of 1 × 105 K/s and 5 × 107 K/s. The microstructure of the products was examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The particles were consolidated by hot pressing at 400 °C/250 MPa/1 h under a high purity argon atmosphere and the microstructure, hardness and compressive strength of the compacts were evaluated....