Sharif Digital Repository

Prepositions are considered as frequent linguistic units, whose role in computational linguistics cannot be neglected. These units are often thought to have functional meaning. On the other hand, in some cases, the substitution of one particular preposition with another onewould changethe meaning ofa sentence. This paper argues that prepositions are not meaningless units, which are only used for the purpose of sentence cohesion. The central goal of the research is to show that prepositions are meaning distinguishing elements. In order to achieve this goal, five Persian prepositions are examined in a Persian text corpus. Firstly, 1000 sentences consisting of these prepositions are extracted... 

This paper reports on the diversity of languages displayed in the linguistic landscape of Julfa district, a largely Armenian dominated area, in the city of Isfahan in Iran. The data included a corpus of 323 photographs taken from the top-down and bottom-up signage in this quarter of the city. Ethnographic fieldwork was also conducted to reach a deeper understanding of the linguistic landscape in Julfa. The results of the analyses indicated that Julfa, as home to Armenians in diaspora and also a luxurious neighborhood frequented by more modern strata of the Isfahani society, is occupied more noticeably with Persian and English language and to a lesser extent with Armenian language. The... 

In the past decade, fuzzy logic has been widely used to manage uncertainty in games. In this paper, we employ fuzzy logic to determine the priority of a payoff using linguistic preference relation. Preferences are derived according to the difference between payoffs using fuzzy IF-THEN rule. We introduce the concept of linguistic Nash equilibrium based on priority of each payoff. We assign a fuzzy set type2 to each cell to determine how much a cell has possibility to have a specific degree of being Nash. © 2008 IEEE  

Social networks let the people find and know other people and benefit form their information. Semantic Web standard ontologies support social network sites for making use of other social networks information and hence help their expansion and unification, making them a huge social network. As social networks are public virtual social places much information may exist in them that may not be trustworthy to all. A mechanism in needed to rate coming news, reviews and opinions about a definite subject from users, according to each user preference. There should be a feature for users to specify how much they trust a friend and a mechanism to infer the trust from one user to another that is not... 

The paper investigates the deep structure of the human mind by analyzing multiple intelligences theory. Regarding serious critiques proposed by a number of cognitive neuroscientists, psychologists, philosophers, and educational theorists (i.e. Sternberg 1983, 1991; Eysenck 1994; Scarr 1985; Klein 1998; Demetriou and Kazi 2006; Demetriou, Mouyi, and Spanoudis 2010, among others), it seems that the different types of intelligence introduced by Gardner (1983) have a shared feature. The authors believe that this particular shared feature can be counted as the key point of the underlying system of human knowledge. Since human cognition may be analyzed by means of universal structures of the mind,... 

Controlling dynamic biped robots is a complex challenge. Almost all researches in this field assume that the internal structure and dynamics of the robot is known to the controller. But in real-world problems we don't have exact model of the robot or this model is very complicated and is not useful in real-time control. As a matter of fact, we use many devices without any knowledge about their internal structure or analytical models. Some researchers used learning algorithms to control bipeds, but their performance is not comparable to human's learning. Fuzzy controllers can control the bipeds with lower cost, but they need sufficient rules. In the previous works we proposed a linguistic... 

Nowadays, security has become an important issue for organizations especially in e-commerce applications. The spreading of networks and increasing of their complexity has complicated the task of security analysis, therefore automatic approaches have received more attention recently. This paper proposes a model-based approach to analyze the overall security of a network, based on the interaction of hosts within the network. A simple language is introduced far modeling securityrelated behaviours of networks and systems. Using the language, a case study is described and its formal model and security properties are presented. © 2004 IEEE  

Recent studies in the field of text-steganography shows a promising future for linguistic driven stegosystems. One of the most common techniques in this field is known as lexical substitution which provides the requirements for security and payload capacity. However, the existing lexical substitution schemes need an enormous amount of shared data between sender and receiver which acts as the stego key. In this paper, we propose a novel encoding method to overcome this problem. Our proposed approach preserves the good properties of lexical substitution schemes while it provides short length stego keys and significant robustness against active adversary attacks. We demonstrate high efficiency... 

One of the roles of a Natural Language Processing (NLP) model in Continuous Speech Recognition (CSR) systems is to find the best sentence hypothesis by ranking all n-best sentences according to the grammar. This paper describes a robust parsing algorithm for Spoken Language Recognition (SLR) which utilizes a technique that improves the efficiency of parsing. This technique integrates grammatical and statistical approaches, and by using a best-first parsing strategy improves the accuracy of recognition. Preliminary experimental results using a Persian continuous speech recognition system show effective improvements in accuracy with little change in recognition time. The word error rate was... 

Previously, we proposed ColBERT, a humor detection model based on the general linguistic structure of humor for formal English texts. ColBERT uses BERT model to produce embeddings for the text sentences, which will be put as inputs into a parallel neural network. In this paper, we utilized the proposed model on informal Spanish texts to detect humor and rate its level. The current task has three differences compared to the original humor detection task on the ColBERT dataset: (1) rating humor is a regression task rather than binary classification, (2) texts are informal, and (3) texts are in a different language. Using our general model and without any knowledge of the Spanish language, we... 

Fuzzy logic is a suitable approach for linguistic knowledge representation and Artificial Life (A-Life) is a field of study dedicated to studying life and synthesis of creatures like those of real world. Thus, as our understanding about life is more in linguistic form than exact numbers, fuzzy logic seems to be a suitable logic for artificial creatures. In this paper, we have tried to apply fuzzy logic to an A-life environment and have studied the changes in capabilities of its creatures when using fuzzy minds. To do this, we have selected an A-life model called Zamin, which has creatures with case-based reasoner brains who must learn their environmental rules, search for food, avoid... 

Treebanks are not large enough to reliably model precise lexical phenomena. This deficiency provokes attachment errors in the parsers trained on such data. We propose in this paper to compute lexical affinities, on large corpora, for specific lexico-syntactic configurations that are hard to disambiguate and introduce the new information in a parser. Experiments on the French Treebank showed a relative decrease of the error rate of 7.1% Labeled Accuracy Score yielding the best parsing results on this treebank  

The aim of this paper is to analyze the Farsi-English statistical machine translation systems as a useful communication tool. Improvement of the nation's communication increases the need of easier way of translating between different languages in front of expensive human translators. In this work, a statistical phrase-based system is run on Farsi - English pair languages and the effect of its parameters on the translation quality has been deeply studied. Using BLEU as a metric of translation accuracy, the system achieves an improvement of 1.84%, relative to the baseline accuracy, which is increment from 16.97% to 18.81% in the best case  

Estimating the depth of anesthesia (DOA) is still a challenging area in anesthesia research. The objective of this study was to design a fuzzy rule based system which integrates electroencephalogram (EEG) features to quantitatively estimate the DOA. The proposed method is based on the analysis of single-channel EEG using frequency and time domain methods. A clinical study was conducted on 22 patients to construct subsets of reference data corresponding to four well-defined anesthetic states: awake, moderate anesthesia, surgical anesthesia and isoelectric. Statistical analysis of features was used to design input membership functions (MFs). The input space was partitioned with respect to the... 

In assembly level programming we need to know the mnemonic of each assembly instruction. But it is not so easy to remember mnemonics of all instructions, while the instruction set of Pentium processor includes 280 instructions. In this paper we introduce a new programming approach to assembly level programming in which most important assembly instructions (about 100 instructions) can be substituted for simple equivalents. These equivalent instructions are based on simple familiar operators and make a large simplification in assembly programming. This new language has a free format structure and hence is called Free Format Assembly Language. Evaluating the performance of this language using a... 

This paper presents a novel approach to isolated word speech recognition using fuzzy modeling which is specifically designed to ignore noise. The task is based on conversion of speech spectrogram into a linguistic fuzzy description and comparison of this representation with fuzzy linguistic descriptions of words. The method is tested on single speaker and multiple speaker tests and the results are compared with a widely used speech recognition approach, showing much higher noise resistance. Copyright - World Automation Congress (WAC) 2006  

A simplified four-layer recurrent neural network (RNN) based architecture is introduced to generate prosodic information for improving naturalness in Persian text-to-speech (TTS) systems. The proposed RNN uses the first two layers at word level and the last two layers at syllable level to provide the TTS system with major prosodic parameters, including: pitch contour, energy contour, length of syllables, length and onset time of vowels, and duration of pauses. The experimental results show improvement of accuracy in prediction of prosodic parameters, as compared to similar prosody generation systems of higher complexity  

In this paper, we have proposed a dual-channel supply chain model in uncertain environment to analyze the demand of manufacturer and retailer demand in which the profit being maximized. Linguistic terms are also utilized to establish two fuzzy systems for estimating the demand in direct and retail channels. In order to do that, a mathematical model is proposed based on decentralized situation of supply chain. To solve the model, we have developed a hybrid solution method of genetic algorithm, fuzzy system, and L-P metric. Finally, several test problems are first generated; then, the computational results are analyzed. © 2017 World Scientific Publishing Company