Sharif Digital Repository

Depletion of fossil energy reserves and rapid growth of energy demand have been challenging issues in the energy sector. Proper solution of these issues requires development of an integrated and comprehensive approaches. Such conceptual framework could provide an appropriate means for studying energy problems and anlysing the development of efficient technologies which could improve the economic viability and reduce the impact of energy system on the environmental. Therefore, analytical tools need to be developed further and they could be applied for systematic analysis of impact of new energy technologies on the economical efficiency and environmental compatibility of energy... 

Clean and Renewable energies are one of the most important part of global policy. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions mostly from fossil fuels, many countries have introduced biofuels to avoid depletion of fossil fuels and decrease the pollution. In Iran, large dependency on crude oil and natural gas resources cause barriers for utilization of biofuels. The country has plenty of biomass resources that may guide national decision makers toward biofuels.In this study, biomass supply chain to produce biofuel is studied to reach sustainability. The model enables us to depict the optimal path to reach the economic, environmental, and social sustainability through the whole supply chain.... 

The main objective of the present work is to achieve green design of a methanol plant by using life cycle process design (LCPD) and multi-objective optimization. As a starting point, simulation of Lurgi’s combined reforming process as a conventional reference methanol case (RMC) was performed in order to obtain its operational and kinetic parameters as well as its environmental impacts. The environmental concerns were calculated using one of the modern environmental impact assessment methods, i.e. life cycle assessment (LCA). To perform life cycle assessment of RMC, methanol production plant as well as its auxiliary units should be considered. The auxiliary units in the RMC include cryogenic... 

By changing the approaches towards the waste management, it is possible to affect the resource depletion. This research is focused on economic and environmental impacts of waste production and treatment. In this research, the municipal solid waste management system have been evaluated by an integrated approach considering the Life cycle assessment and Emergy assessment methods. The integrated method have been used to evaluate the waste management system more fundamentally and analyze some upstream indicators which are related to natural resource scarcity. At first, some scenarios have been developed based on Life cycle assessment containing possible configurations of technologies. Then, an... 

Preserving and promoting the health of citizens in a society is one of the most important problems addressed in any country. The power sector discharges a huge volume of carbon dioxide which intensifies the climate change and consequent human health problems.The goal of this study is to evaluate the ultimate effect of climate change caused by power plant emissions on the human health using life cycle analysis approach for different provinces in Iran. An integrated model has been developed to evaluate the impact of climate change due to power plant emissions on the human health. This model includes the equations regarding the variations in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere,... 

In the present work, a comprehensive economic, environmental and exergy analysis and multi-objective optimization for gas sweetening plant are provided and the interaction between decision variables in these criterions is discussed. In the first part, potentials of three environmental features (global warming, acid rain, smog formation) of the operational plant are quantified and normalized using life cycle assessment (LCA) for both process waste and utility environmental impacts.Acid rain index is determined as the most important environmental impactindex in this unit. By choosing proper decision variables based on sensitivity analysis, LCA and EA results, optimization is performed to... 

In the present work, a comprehensive economic, environmental and dynamic behavior analysis with multi-objective optimization for the unit 400 of BandarEmam aromatic plant are provided and the interaction between decision variables in these criterions is discussed. In the first part, potential of seven environmental features of the operational plant are qualified and normalized using life cycle assessement (LCA) for both process waste and utility environmental impacts. By choosing the number of trays and feed stage in three distillation columns as decision variables, optimization is performed to determine the best structural variables values based on the total annual cost and Environmental... 

The design and optimization of processes was focused in the past on economic issues such as profitability and return on investment, and less attention has been paid to environmental issues. In recent years, by introducing environmental criterion as pillars of sustainable development, environmental optimization of processes has becoming an inseparable element of the process engineering. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the compatibility of environmental indicators with economic objective. The purpose of this study is to investigate environmental indicators and economic objective function in optimizing the Crude Distillation Unit (CDU) of an oil refinery. The CDU is one of the most... 

EROI is an indicator to analyse energy productivity of a resource. EROI of Sirri operation unit is assessed in two different levels. Direct energy consumption and total associated gas are used in first and second level respectively. Two important aspects of the present research are considering environmental externalities and estimation of EROI related to outputs of multi-production systems. Also a model is introduced to identify relationship between oil price and EROI. Energy Abatement Cost is used to include environmental externalities to EROI. Thre benchmarks – price, energy and exergy content and exergy cost – are considered as a basis to for estimating EROI. Using LCA for taking into... 

The actual value of structures should not be evaluated only based on initial cost, because failure cost and economical losses due to corrosion and natural hazards can be catastrophic. The aim of this research is Comparative study of life cycle cost of steel and concrete building systems designed based on standard 2800 by Endurance Time Method. These costs include initial cost and life cycle cost Due to the aftermath of the earthquake in the life of the structure. In this research, because it requires a lot nonlinear dynamic time history analysis, Endurance Time Method used which is both good accuracy and also drastically reduces the cost of computing-off. Selected models for the study, four,... 

In the present work, a comprehensive economic, environmental and exergy analysis and multi-objective optimization for world’s largest aromatic plant are provided and the interaction between decision variables in these criterions is discussed. In the first part, potentials of seven environmental features of the operational plant are quantified and normalized using life cycle assessment (LCA) for both process waste and utility environmental impacts. Exergy analysis (EA) is also used to determine the lowest eco-efficiency equipment. By choosing proper decision variables based on sensitivity analysis, LCA and EA results, optimization is performed to determine the best design variables based on... 

Tehran is the most populated area in Iran and is one of the most densely populated cities in the world where almost 40 percent of all days have been classified as unhealthy for sensitive groups. According to emission inventory of Tehran over than 85 percent of emission are due to different types of vehicles. And light duty vehicles share more than 80 percent all vehicles and are responsible for most of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides emitted in Tehran atmosphere. In this study real emission factor of Hybrid Synergy vehicles which just have been introduced to Tehran fleet were tested under real conditions of streets. Data produced in this research have been combined with previous... 

Environmental contamination is one most important concern that human has encountered currently the increasing demand of power production has been lead to environmental problem, therefore it is crucial to find appropriate methods managing these sources. Carbon dioxide forming from usage of fossil fuel as the main source of energy play a central role in environmental issues of climate change in atmosphere, so more attention in its emission reduction seems vital. CCS has been used as a recent attractive in order to reduce the greenhouse gases emission for large industrial units releasing carbon dioxide. The aim of this paper is environmental and economical assessment using ccs for power plants... 

Preventive maintenance strategies have been considered by highway agencies in order to increase pavement service life and to reduce the costs associated with pavement maintenance. Due to the increasing concern regarding promoting sustainable pavements, consideration of the environmental, economic and performance factors in devising preventive maintenance strategies is of great importance.This study contributes to developing a multicriteria decision-making tool for sustainability evaluation of pavement preventive maintenance strategies. The developed tool, PaveSAT, considers the greenhouse gas emission, net present value, and pavement performance to rank preventive maintenance schemes using... 

The growing amounts of generation of electronic wastes (e-waste) and their increasing environmental impacts require a special optimal waste management strategy. Many different methods have been developed to managing e-waste. To make the best choices according to the conditions of each system, having an adequate knowledge of all methods and comparing them is the most important point. This research aims to design a system for managing e-waste by selecting mobile phones as an example of electronic waste and find the optimal condition of the system to increase economic benefits and reduce environmental impact. Recycling and landfill are selected as the main methods in this project. Four lines... 

Pavements are essential part of transportation infrastructures that are expensive to build and maintain and could significantly affect the environment. In recent decades, global warming has become a major concern. Therefore, in pavement design in addition to the economic and environmental considerations, conformity with sustainable development have received attention. In the past decades in Iran, because of the low production and high price of cement, and availability of inexpensive bitumen, flexible pavements were the predominant type. However, the increased price of bitumen in the past two decades has changed the balance of the highway construction projects, and bitumen procurement has... 

Controlling, managing, and mitigating the emission of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, which are produced by human activities, are one of the main concerns of researchers today. Market-based methods are one the successful methods to enhance controlling, managing, and mitigating carbon dioxide emissions, among which the carbon tax has received more attention. Increasing clean technologies in the electricity network to the reduce the emissions of the electricity industry may reduce the carbon tax rate. In this regard, the life cycle analysis makes it possible to consider the emissions of the life cycle. The present model is applied for two representative days of Iran's electricity... 

Continuous increase of energy demand, scarcity of resources, as well as environmental limitations have led to the need to reduce carbon emissions. In this research, an MINLP model based on the mathematical optimization formulation is proposed to reach this issue in a large cogeneration unit. Advantage of the hierarchical approach for carbon management are avoiding individual carbon reduction policies, and embedding emission control techniques in a hierarchical mathematical model that helps us to select the most appropriate policies and prioritize each other. In the carbon management hierarchy, the optimization of the base cycle is done at the first stage. Then, the use of renewable energies... 

With the road transportation vehicles being widely used, concerns have been increased regarding their unwanted effects. Air pollution, climate change, and oil supply security are among these effects. Many alternative fuels and propulsion systems have been proposed to be used instead of conventional ICE vehicles in recent decades. This project intends to conduct a Techno-Economic comparison between different vehicle powertrains so as to select the suitable choice to substitute conventional ICE vehicles. The vehicle options are ICE vehicles using both gasoline and CNG as fuels, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs), Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs), and Electric Vehicles (EVs). The amount of...