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The issue of entropy generation in laminar forced convection of a Newtonian fluid through a slit microchannel is analytically investigated by taking the viscous dissipation effect, the slip velocity and the temperature jump at the wall into account. Flow is considered to be hydrodynamically fully developed but thermally developing. The energy equation is solved by means of integral transform. The results demonstrate that to increase Knudsen number is to decrease entropy generation, while the effect of increasing values of Brinkman number and the group parameter is to increase entropy generation. Also it is disclosed that in the thermal entrance region the average entropy generation number... 

The entropy generation rate has become a useful tool for evaluating the intrinsic irreversibilities associated with a given process or device. This work presents an analytical solution for entropy generation in hydrodynamically fully developed thermally developing laminar flow in a microtube. The rarefaction effects as well as viscous heating effects are taken into consideration, but axial conduction is neglected. Using fully developed velocity profile, the energy equation is solved by means of integral transform. The solution is validated by comparing the local Nusselt numbers against existing literature data. From the results it is realized that the entropy generation decreases as Knudsen... 

In the present work, the second law of thermodynamics analysis has been carried out for steady-state fully developed laminar gas flow in a parallel plate microchannel with asymmetrically heated walls. The rarefaction effects as well as viscous heating effects are taken into consideration. Closed-form expressions are obtained for velocity and temperature distributions and entropy generation rates. The results demonstrate that increasing values of the wall heat fluxes ratio result in greater entropy generation for positive Brinkman numbers, whereas the opposite is true for negative values of Brinkman. However, the effect of the wall heat fluxes ratio on entropy generation becomes insignificant... 

The present investigation is devoted to the fully developed slip flow mixed convection in vertical microducts of two different cross sections, namely, polygon, with circle as a limiting case, and rectangle. The two axially constant heat flux boundary conditions of H1 and H2 are considered in the analysis. The velocity and temperature discontinuities at the boundary are incorporated into the solutions using the first-order slip boundary conditions. The method considered is mainly analytical in which the governing equations in cylindrical coordinates along with the symmetry conditions and finiteness of the flow parameter at the origin are exactly satisfied. The first-order slip boundary... 

Consideration is given to the buoyancy effects on the fully developed gaseous slip flow in a vertical rectangular microduct. Two different cases of the thermal boundary conditions are considered, namely uniform temperature at two facing duct walls with different temperatures and adiabatic other walls (case A) and uniform heat flux at two walls and uniform temperature at other walls (case B). The rarefaction effects are treated using the firstorder slip boundary conditions. By means of finite Fourier transform method, analytical solutions are obtained for the velocity and temperature distributions as well as the Poiseuille number. Furthermore, the threshold value of the mixed convection... 

This is a theoretical study dealing with longitudinal gaseous slip flow forced convection between a periodic bunch of microcylinders arranged in regular array. The selected geometry has applications in microscale pin fin heat sinks used for cooling of microchips. The flow is considered to be hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed. The two axially constant heat flux boundary conditions of H1 and H2 are considered in the analysis. The velocity and temperature discontinuities at the boundary are incorporated into the solutions using the first order slip boundary conditions. The method considered is mainly analytical in which the governing equations and three of the boundary conditions... 

In high Knudsen number flow regimes microgas flow analysis may not be performed accurately using the classical CFD methods. Alternatively, the gas flow through micro-geometries can be investigated reliably using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Our concern in this paper is to use DSMC to study the mixing of two gases in entering simultaneously into a microchannel. The mixing process is assumed to be complete when the mass composition of each species deviates by no more than ±1% from its equilibrium composition. To enhance the mixing process, we focus on the effects of inlet-outlet pressure difference and the pressure ratios of the two incoming CO and N2 streams on the mixing... 

In the present work, the second law of thermodynamics analysis has been carried out for steady state hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed laminar gas flow in annulus microchannels with asymmetrically heated walls. The rarefaction effects are taken into consideration using first order slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. Viscous heating is also included for both the hot wall and the cold wall cases. Using the velocity distribution obtained in earlier works, the energy equation is solved to get analytically the temperature distribution and consequently to compute the entropy generation rate. The effects of rarefaction and the annulus geometrical aspect ratio on... 

The fully developed longitudinal slip-flow mixed convection between a periodic bunch of vertical microcylinders arrangedin regular arraysis investigated inthe present work. The two axially constant heat flux boundary conditions of H1 and H2 are considered in the analysis. The rarefaction effects are taken into consideration using first-order slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. The method considered is mainly analytical, in that the governing equations and three of the boundary conditions are exactly satisfied. The remaining symmetry condition on the right-hand boundary of the typical element is applied to the solution through the point-matching technique. The results... 

This work investigates the species separation in the rarefied flow of the argon-helium mixture through convergent-divergent micronozzles. Imposing a molecular mass ratio in the order of 10, the flow of this mixture can lead to the formation of serious nonhomogeneous phenomena such as the species separation. This study is performed in the ranges of 2.0-4.0 for the geometrical expansion ratio, 200-400 K for the wall temperature, and 0.003-1.454 for the inlet Knudsen number. The effects of these parameters are examined on the separative performances of micronozzle. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method is selected as the solution method because it can provide reliable solutions in the... 

Fluid flow in microchannels has some characteristics, which one of them is rarefaction effect related with gas flow. In the present work, hydrodynamically and thermally fully developed laminar forced convection heat transfer of a rarefied gas flow in two microgeometries is studied, namely, microannulus and parallel plate microchannel. The rarefaction effects are taken into consideration using first-order slip velocity and temperature jump boundary conditions. Viscous heating is also included for either the wall heating or the wall cooling case. Closed form expressions are obtained for dimensionless temperature distribution and Nusselt number. The results demonstrate that for both geometries,... 

This is a theoretical study that extends a classical method of treating the convection heat transfer in complex geometries to gaseous slip flow forced convection in microchannels with H1 thermal boundary condition. Through this line, the momentum and energy equations in cylindrical coordinates are made dimensionless. Afterward, solutions are presented that exactly satisfy the dimensionless differential equations along with the symmetry condition and finiteness of the flow parameter at the origin. The first-order slip boundary conditions are then applied to the solution utilizing the least squares matching method. Though the method is general enough to be applied to almost any arbitrary cross... 

Microfilters are commonly used to block undesirable particles in the fluid flows and to control the flow patterns in MEMS. The main purpose of this study is to understand the effect of gas type on density, pressure, Mach number, and velocity distributions of fluid flows through a microfilter. The Knudsen number is the slip flow regime passing through the microfilter. We use direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method to simulate the flow of nitrogen, helium, oxygen, air and methane passing through a specific microfilter. The geometry of microfilter is unique in all cases. Our results confirm that every gas performs a different performance passing through a specific microfilter, and that the... 

This work utilizes the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) calculations and examines the influence of rarefication on the mixing length and effective diffusion coefficient in a two-species mixing problem. There have been efforts in past rarefied mixing flow studies to bridge between the mixing evolution rate and Knudsen number. A careful review of those efforts shows that the past derived relations did not determine the weights of Reynolds (or Peclet) number in the rarefaction influences. Although they indicated that an increase in Knudsen would decrease the mixing length, such reductions were primarily due to the Reynolds (or Peclet) reduction. Therefore, those studies could not explicitly... 

The analytical study of microchannels has been considered as a preliminary approach to alleviate the difficulties which are normally encountered in numerical and experimental studies. Among the analytical solutions, those with high robustness and low complexities are certainly more attractive. In this work, we present a theoretical approach to predict the temperature field in micro-Poiseuille channel flow with constant wall temperature. The use of power series method simplifies the solution in the current analytical approach. The current analytical derivations are examined for channels with both hot-wall and cold-wall conditions. The current solutions agree well with the numerical solutions... 

In this study, the supersonic and choked subsonic flows through micro/nano channels are investigated using direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The supersonic case is simulated at different Knudsen numbers covering slip to transition flow regimes, while the effects of inlet Mach and back pressure are studied in details. The inlet/outlet pressure boundary conditions are suitably implemented benefiting from the basics of characteristics theory. A behavior similar to the one predicted by the Fanno theory is observed here; i.e., the supersonic flow velocity decelerates up to a choking condition where any further increase in Knudsen number is impossible unless strong normal/oblique shocks...