Sharif Digital Repository

The number of humidity outputs on the cap of a cylindrical capacitance sensor is optimized by designing three different probes with direct and indirect windows. The time interval is measured within which 30- 70 % humidity can influence the dielectric constant and conductivity of the capacitance when exposed to a range of relative humidity. It is then compared with a simple set-up including a simplified equivalent circuit. The direct probes had four and double outputs on the window of the cylindrical capacitive sensor while the indirect probe had a thin plastic layer only. We observed that the dielectric constant and its conductivity depend closely to the humidity outgoing pathway and also to... 

A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) electrode sensitive to the adsorption of water molecules has been introduced to create a self-powered humidity sensor. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and graphene oxide nanoribbon (GONR) possessing oxygenated functional groups, as well as high dielectric constants, have been proposed as appropriate candidates for this purpose. GO papers have been fabricated in three forms, i.e. pure GO paper, uniform composites of GONR and GO, and double-layer structures of GONR on top of GO. Results showed that all of the prepared paper-based TENGs revealed excellent performances by maximum output voltage above 300 V. As active humidity sensors, the maximum voltage... 

The deposition of tetrakis (4-sulonatophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) thin film on optical fibers presents many possibilities for sensing applications. The J-form aggregation with a narrow and sharp spectral feature at about 490 nm and its sensitivity to humidity have been discussed; a fast change of wavelength occurs according with variation in the humidity level. The reproducibility and high sensitivity of TPPS-coated fibers, along with the capabilities of optical fibers, suggest the device as a good candidate for humidity sensing in harsh environments. © 2018, The Author(s)  

In this paper, a distributed relative humidity (RH) or moisture sensor is proposed. The proposed structure is a single mode telecommunication optical fiber coated by humidity sensitive and insensitive polymers periodically. The polymer coated fiber is surrounded by a high Young's modulus material such as stainless steel mesh. The swelling of the coated Humidity Sensitive Polymers (HSPs) as a result of moisture absorption induces fiber gratings in the single mode fiber. Depending on the coating period relative to the light wavelength, the induced fiber grating can be Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) or Long Period Fiber Grating (LPFG). The light reflected by the induced FBG or losses due to the... 

This paper presents an experimental study on prediction of the early-age creep and shrinkage of concrete with and without silica fumes, trass, ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, combinations thereof, and influences of the proposed Iranian pozzolans. Experiments were carried out under a controlled ambient condition at a temperature of 40° C and a relative humidity (RH) of 50%, and a laboratory ambient condition at a temperature of 20° C and a relative humidity (RH) of 30% in order to collect the required data. Comparisons are made between ACI209-92, BS8110-1986 and CEB1970 prediction models, and an estimation model, based on 28-day results (short-term test method), using the same... 

Highly sensitive flexible humidity sensors based on graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were developed. The GQDs were prepared using a facile hydrothermal method and characterized considering morphological, structural, and compositional experiments. Then, their humidity sensing properties in correlation with flexibility characteristics were investigated. Good selectivity and response (∼390 for a RH change of 99%), broad detection range (1-100% RH), rather short response and recovery times (12 and 43 s, respectively) as well as flexibility were obtained, demonstrating that the GQD sensors have potential for application in wearable electronics and RH monitoring. Detection of hydrogen (H2) gas by the... 

In our previous work, a distributed moisture sensor based on the induced long-period fiber grating in the presence of moisture is proposed. The proposed structure is analyzed numerically (Opt Laser Technol 117:126–133, 2019). In this article, due to the axial symmetry and periodic structure of the proposed sensor, the Love’s potential and Fourier series are employed to obtain an analytical solution for the refractive index variation along the sensor versus moisture density. The analytical method reduces the computation time relative to our numerical calculation drastically. The analytical results are in good agreement with those that are obtained by numerical calculations. The analytical... 

Current researches on the development of gas turbine related power plants such as HAT cycle and Combined Cycle are aimed to increase the plant efficiency and output power, while reducing the cost of power generation and emission. Humid air turbine cycle (HAT) is one of innovative cycles, which are able to provide a substantial power boost of the system and an efficiency rise of several percentage points. In order to perform energy analysis of Full Flow HAT cycle and Part Flow HAT cycle an advanced thermodynamic model is developed, which is enabling evaluation of behavior of Full Flow and Part Flow Humid Air Turbines and predicting the influence of operational parameters in the performance of... 

In this paper the analytical and simulation modelling of the combined heat and mass transfer processes that occur in a solid desiccant wheel is carried out. Using the numerical method, the performance of an adiabatic rotary dehumidifier is parametrically studied, and the optimal rotational speed is determined by examining the outlet adsorption-side humidity profiles. An approach to compare the solutions for different conditions used in air dehumidifier has been investigated according to the previous published studies. Comparing the simulated results with the published actual values of an experimental work substantiates the validity of model. The model accuracy with respect to the key... 

From gas-solid carbonation studies and product characterization by XRD, carbon elemental analysis, and TG-FTIR profiling of evolved CO2, the presence of water vapour at high relative humidity (>25% RH) was shown to cause a drastic acceleration in the rate of CO2 absorption into MgO and Mg(OH)2 producing magnesite and hydrocarbonated precursors. From thermogravimetric experiments in the vicinity of the dew point, carbonation was shown to proceeded in steps triggered by spontaneous condensation (and re-evaporation) of water. Almost complete conversion to magnesite (MgCO3) and/or hydromagnesite [HM = 4MgCO3·Mg(OH)2·4H2O] was observed in a few hours under rather mild conditions of pressure (PCO2... 

Design and operation of three different optical designs based on the light intensity modulation for investigation of the humidity effects on the air index of refraction are described. The measurement variable is the transmitted power, which depends on the refractive index of the medium in the path of a fiber-to-fiber optical design. Three different probes (probe #1, #2, and #3) are tested in which probe #1 and probe #2 can also check the presence of water or any other transparent liquid in the gap between the two axial fibers. Performances of the new systems are tested as a refractive index monitoring mean and experimental results are given. The variations of the modulated powers as... 

Numerous studies yet have been carried out on downscaling of the large-scale climate data using both dynamical and statistical methods to investigate the hydrological and meteorological impacts of climate change on different parts of the world. This study was also conducted to investigate the capability of feedforward neural network with error back-propagation algorithm to downscale the provincial segmentation of Iran (30 provinces) on a daily scale. This model was proposed for the downscaling daily temperature, precipitation and wind speed data, and it was calibrated and verified by using the daily outputs derived from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) database... 

Radon is released from soil and building materials and can accumulate in residential buildings. Breathing radon and radon progeny for extended periods hazardous to health and can lead to lung cancer. Indoor air conditions and ventilation systems strongly influence indoor radon concentrations. This paper focuses on effects of air change rate, indoor temperature and relative humidity on indoor radon concentrations in a one family detached house in Stockholm, Sweden.In this study a heat recovery ventilation system unit was used to control the ventilation rate and a continuous radon monitor (CRM) was used to measure radon levels. FLUENT, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software package was... 

Water and energy supply are two of the key issues human beings must address to attain sustainable development. Humidification-dehumidification technology has been proven to be a cost-effective approach to fulfill the freshwater demand. Particular attention has been given to coupling the humidification-dehumidification cycles with refrigeration, power and other desalination technologies with the aim of enhancing the performance of the combined cycle as well as increasing the amount of produced freshwater, cooling effect, power, etc. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art investigations in terms of humidification-dehumidification technologies and their integration...