Sharif Digital Repository

What purpose, according to Muslim scholars, should technological development serve? To answer this question, first we explain the views of seven Muslim scholars who have theorized about technology from an Islamic viewpoint. We then set out Carl Mitcham's fourfold analysis of technology, and summarize the views of philosophers of technology on technological volition. This places us in a position to classify Muslim scholars' opinions on technological development under seven broad headings, namely: meeting human beings' needs, implementation of an Islamic culture and lifestyle, serving human beings, serving nature, understanding the splendor of creation, providing personal and social happiness,... 

CAPTCHA (Completely Automatic Public Turing Test to Tell Computer and Human Apart) systems are used to distinguish human users from computer programs automatically. The goal of them is to ask questions which human users can easily answer, but current computers cannot. Most current CAPTCHA methods are based on the weak points of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) systems. In this paper, a new CAPTCHA method is presented on the basis of object categorization. In this method, a number of objects are chosen randomly and the pictures of these objects are searched in the Internet and downloaded. The pictures are then shown to the user and the user is asked to mark the objects which belong to a... 

Sleep spindle is the hallmark of second stage of sleep in human being, which is defined as a rhythmic sequence with waxing and waning waves, whose frequency is approximately between 8 to 14 Hz, and its time duration is between 0.5 to 2 seconds. Bump modeling is a method for extracting regions with higher amounts of energy in a related time-frequency map. The bump model of the sleep spindle consists of a group of high energy bumps concentrating in approximately 8 to 14 Hz frequency band. In this study, it will be shown that the power of bumps of EEG can be used in automated detection of sleep spindle. The presented method sensitivity is 99.41% which shows high correctly detection rate, and... 

Multi-agent systems (MAS) try to formulate dynamic world which surround human being in every aspect of his life. One of the important challenges encountered in multiagent systems is the credit assignment problem, simply means distributing the result of the work of a group of agents, such that every agent will have the capability of individual learning. This paper presents the result of a solution suggested for multi-agent credit assignment problem. With the help of observing history of credit assignment in the environment, we will understand what actions are reward-deserving. Results are reported on a multi agent domain, addition agents. © 2009 IEEE  

In some websites it is necessary to tell apart human users from computer programs which is known as CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weak points of OCR systems while using them are undesirable to human users. In this paper a method has been presented for telling the human users and computer softwares apart on the basis of choice of an object shown on the screen. In this method some objects are chosen randomly and the pictures about these topics are downloaded from Internet. Then after effecting some changes such as rotating, all of the pictures are shown on the screen. Then we ask the user to choose a... 

Lung cancer is one of the most common diseases for human beings everywhere throughout the world. Early identification of this disease is the main conceivable approach to enhance the possibility of patients’ survival. In this paper, a k-Nearest-Neighbors technique, for which a genetic algorithm is applied for the efficient feature selection to reduce the dataset dimensions and enhance the classifier pace, is employed for diagnosing the stage of patients’ disease. To improve the accuracy of the proposed algorithm, the best value for k is determined using an experimental procedure. The implementation of the proposed approach on a lung cancer database reveals 100% accuracy. This implies that one... 

Energy and economy play a substantial role in environmental issues such as the emission of greenhouse gases. CO2 is one of the greenhouses that is hugely produced in industrial processes and other human being activities. The major share of CO2 emission is related to the energy-related activities. As a result, modeling the amount of produced CO2 by utilization of different energy sources must be considered. Moreover, by considering economic indicators such as gross domestic product, the accuracy of the model could be improved. In the present work, artificial neural network (ANN) with two transfer functions including normalized radial basis and tansig is used to model CO2 production of... 

Dimension reduction techniques for text documents can be used for in the preprocessing phrase of blog mining, but these techniques can be more effective if they deal with the nature of the blogs properly. In this paper we propose a novel algorithm called PostRank using shallow approach to identify theme of the blog or blog representative words in order to reduce the dimensions of blogs. PostRank uses a graph-based syntactic representation of the weblog by taking into account some structural features of weblog. At the first step it models the blog as a complete graph and assumes the theme of the blog as a query applied to a search engine like Google and each post as a search result. It tries... 

Essential oils (EOs) are valuable natural products that are popular nowadays in the world due to their effects on the health conditions of human beings and their role in preventing and curing diseases. In addition, EOs have a broad range of applications in foods, perfumes, cosmetics and human nutrition. Among different techniques for analysis of EOs, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is the most important one in recent years. However, there are some fundamental problems in GC-MS analysis including baseline drift, spectral background, noise, low S/N (signal to noise) ratio, changes in the peak shapes and co-elution. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) approaches cope with ongoing... 

In some websites it is necessary to distinguishing between human users and computer programs which is known as CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Human Apart). CAPTCHA methods are mainly based on the weak points of OCR systems and using them are undesirable to human users. In this paper a method has been presented for distinguishing between human users and computer programs on the basis of choice of an object shown on the screen. In this method some objects are chosen randomly and the pictures of these topics are downloaded from the Internet. Then after applying some effects such as rotation, all of the pictures are shown on the screen. Then we ask the... 

Clustering is currently one of the most crucial techniques for dealing with massive amount of heterogeneous information on the web, which is beyond human being's capacity to digest. Recent studies have shown that the most commonly used partitioning-based clustering algorithm, the K-means algorithm, is more suitable for large datasets. However, the K-means algorithm can generate a local optimal solution. In this paper we present novel harmony search clustering algorithms that deal with documents clustering based on harmony search optimization method. By modeling clustering as an optimization problem, first, we propose a pure harmony search based clustering algorithm that finds near global...