Sharif Digital Repository

Two electrochemical sensors based on modified glassy carbon electrodes with carbon nanostructures as graphene (GCE–EG) and carbon nanotubes (GCE–CNT) were evaluated for morpholine analysis. The carbon nanostructures were obtained and characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. All spectroscopic and microscopic techniques confirmed the procurement of graphene and CNT. The electrochemical studies proved the efficient behaviour of both electrodes GCE–EG and GCE–CNT in sensing and detection of morpholine via differential pulse voltammetry.... 

Graphene oxide (GO) sheets were synthesized through a modified Hummers' method. Using high resolution transmission electron microscopy the thickness of the GO sheets in a multilayer structure of stacked GO sheets was found ∼0.8 nm. A nanosecond pulsed laser (with wavelength of 532 nm and average power of 0.3 W) was applied for effective and environment friendly reduction of the GO sheets in an ammonia solution (pH ∼9) at room temperature conditions. The deoxygenation of the GO sheets by the pulsed laser reduction method was confirmed by using UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermo gravimetric analysis. Based on XPS analysis, the O/C ratio of... 

Lead sulfide quantum dots (PbS QDs) were decorated onto a graphene surface in a semi-core-shell structure using supercritical ethanol. The temperature of ethanol played significant role in controlling size and agglomeration of QDs as well as the extent of reduction of graphene. Average size of the QDs was estimated by transmission electron microscopy to be around 3.96 nm and by quantum models to be about 4.34 nm. PbS QDs prepared at 330 °C were of high purity, and the yield was 99%. Instrumental and chemical analyses demonstrated formation of a strong bond between PbS QDs and graphene, through a Pb-O-C bridge. UV and photoluminescence measurements along with theoretical considerations... 

NiTi alloys have exhibited significant potential as a matrix of wear resistant composites. In this study, in order to examine the effect of starting materials on the wear performance of NiTi-based composites, both elemental Ni/Ti and prealloyed NiTi powders were used to fabricate NiTi-6wt% nano-Al2O3 composites using hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Nanoindentation and microhardness test results indicate that the composite samples produced from the elemental Ni/Ti powders exhibited higher hardness and lower pseudoelasticity properties than those of the samples fabricated from the prealloyed NiTi powders; this is attributed to the higher amount of... 

A novel organic-inorganic hybrid heterogeneous catalyst system was obtained from the reaction of the molybdenum(VI) complex of salicylidene 2-picoloyl hydrazone with mesoporous silica containing 3-chloropropyl groups prepared by a direct synthetic approach involving hydrolysis and co-condensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane in the presence of the triblock copolymer P123 as template under acidic conditions. Characterization of the functionalized materials by X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N2 adsorption/desorption, FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric... 

Aluminum metal-matrix nanocomposites (AMMNCs) fabricated by conventional stir-casting process usually show high porosity and poor distribution of nanoparticles within the matrix. In the current study, for the improvement of nanoparticles distribution in the aluminum matrix and enhancement of the mechanical properties, a mixture of Al/nano-Al2O3 powders were injected by pure argon gas into the molten 7075 aluminum alloy and this mixture was extruded at high temperature. Mechanical behavior of the final product was investigated by tensile and compression tests, hardness measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Optical... 

The aim of this paper is to investigate the thermal conductivity and viscosity of a hybrid nanofluid containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and gum arabic (GA) coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), experimentally. The magnetic nanoparticles and CNTs are physically attached as the result of interaction between the TMAH and GA molecules. The morphology and structure of the samples are characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experiments are carried out in the magnetic nanoparticles volume concentration range of 0.1–0.9 %, CNT volume concentration range of 0.05–1.35 % and the temperature range of 25–55 °C. The... 

Ternary nanocomposites of polypropylene/polyamide 6/layered silicate were prepared through three different processing procedures. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the nanostructure of the samples, and tensile and impact strength measurements were conducted to assess the mechanical properties. It was shown that processing route has a significant effect on the delamination of clay platelets. Fully exfoliated nanostructure was achieved through a certain two-step processing route. Compatibilization of the blends affected microstructure as well as nanostructure. Mechanical properties were affected by changing the processing route, to a great degree.... 

Palladium nanocatalysts supported on reduced graphene oxide (rGO), multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), and rGO/CNT composite were synthesized by a wet impregnation method using PdCl2 as a precursor. Palladium loading was 0.3 wt %, and the catalysts were reduced at 300°C. The catalysts were characterized by inductively coupled plasma, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, temperatue-programmed reduction, temperatue-programmed desorption, and Raman spectroscopy. The performance of the catalysts was investigated for hydro-purification of crude terephthalic acid (CTA) containing... 

CuInS2 nanoparticles as the visible (wurtzite, 1.67 eV) or near infrared (chalcopyrite, 1.50 eV) light absorbing material in thin film solar cells, were synthesized using facile, one step heating up method by dissolving of CuCl, InCl3 and SC(NH2)2 as precursors in oleylamine (OLA) alone or in combination with oleic acid (OA) and 1-octadecene (ODE) as solvent. The phase, size, morphology, and size distribution were controlled by the coordination ability between solvent molecules and metal precursors, reaction temperature and time. The presence of higher amounts of thiourea or OA to OLA led to the formation of chalcopyrite phase in comparison to wurtzite structure. Also, higher reaction... 

We substitute indium present in the CuInS2 ternary compound by iron and zinc using a facile one-pot synthesis method. The quaternary compound of CuIn1-xMxS2 (M = Fe and Zn) was synthesized by dissolving CuCl, InCl3, FeCl3, Zn(ac)2 and SC(NH2)2 as precursors in 1-octadecene, oleylamine and oleic acid as non-coordinating, coordinating and capping agent solvents, respectively. Oleic acid, oleylamine and thiourea were used respectively as a hard Lewis base, borderline Lewis base (in comparison with oleic acid) and soft Lewis base to form appropriate complexes. The complex formation, structure, and... 

Linear and nonlinear (in both steady and transient shear flows) rheological properties of polyamide 6/acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PA6/ABS) nanocomposite blends have been investigated. Characterization of nanocomposite samples morphology by scanning electron microscopy revealed that with increasing nanoclay loading, size of dispersing phase droplets decreases significantly and their uniformity improved considerably. Transmission electron microscopy observations clearly display a coexistence of intercalate and exfoliate structure for nanoclay in the polymer-blend nanocomposite. On the other hand, we see that the tactoids are collected of a few silicate layers and possibly also of a single... 

Ag@Pt nanoparticles synthesized with different Ag/Pt mass ratios utilizing ultrasonic treatment method. These materials were supported on Vulcan XC-72 and utilized as cathode in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The morphology of this material characterized through the x-ray diffraction (XRD), induced coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) as well as; high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) techniques. To begin with, it was proven that, the prepared Ag@Pt/C catalyst possessed a core–shell nanostructure. The electrochemical properties of this material investigated through the Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and... 

Polystyrene- (Styrene Ethylene Butylene Styrene-Maleic Anhydride) (SEBS-MA) composites with/without organoclay were prepared by melt intercalation method. The morphology, tensile and impact properties and deformation mechanism of these compounds were investigated. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and reflected and transmitted optical microscopy techniques were used to study the morphology and deformation mechanisms. The results show that incorporation of SEBS with/without organoclay notably affects morphology, mechanical properties and plastic deformation of polystyrene. Introduction of SEBS with/without organoclay can facilitate initiation and growth of crazing mechanism... 

Na3MnCO3PO4 (NMCP) particles were synthesized via ball milling of Mn(NO3)2.4H2O, Na2HPO4.2H2O and Na2CO3.H2O powders. The particles were anchored onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets during hydrothermal reduction process under stirring. Materials produced were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric (TG) measurement and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. Results showed that dissolution of ball milling products in DI water is an effective method for separation of NMCP from byproducts. Best milling time for production of pure NMCP of minimum particle... 

VO2(picolinichydrazone) complex as a catalyst was stabilized on a SBA-15 mesoporous silica as a catalytic support by using (3-chloropropyl)triethoxysilane as a connector. SBA-15 is nanoporous and has a high ratio of surface area to volume. The immobilization of a metal–Schiff base complex to the surface area of SBA-15 can improve its catalytic effects by increasing the catalytic surface area. Unlike homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous catalysts can be recovered and reused several times without any significant loss of catalytic activity. A vanadium–Schiff base complex-functionalized SBA-15 was synthesized by covalency connected by a pre-synthesised VO2(picolinichydrazone) complex to... 

Finemet bulk soft magnetic alloy was fabricated by spark plasma sintering of the milled ribbons. The amorphous melt-spun ribbons were milled for 36min by high energy vibrational mill and then sieved to separate particles smaller than 125μm. The size distribution of particles was determined by a laser diffraction particle size analyzer. Spark plasma sintering was carried out at super-cooled liquid region for short times of 7 and 21min. The structure of bulk samples was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy techniques. The magnetization and coercivity of samples were measured using SQUID... 

Aluminum metal-matrix nanocomposites (AMMNCs) fabricated by conventional stir-casting process usually show high porosity and poor distribution of nanoparticles within the matrix. In the current study, for the improvement of nanoparticles distribution in the aluminum matrix and enhancement of the mechanical properties, a mixture of Al/nano-Al2O3 powders were injected by pure argon gas into the molten 7075 aluminum alloy and this mixture was extruded at high temperature. Mechanical behavior of the final product was investigated by tensile and compression tests, hardness measurements, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Optical... 

The aim of this paper is to investigate the thermal conductivity and viscosity of a hybrid nanofluid containing tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles and gum arabic (GA) coated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), experimentally. The magnetic nanoparticles and CNTs are physically attached as the result of interaction between the TMAH and GA molecules. The morphology and structure of the samples are characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The experiments are carried out in the magnetic nanoparticles volume concentration range of 0.1–0.9 %, CNT volume concentration range of 0.05–1.35 % and the temperature range of 25–55 °C. The... 

In this research, Araldite 2011 has been reinforced using different weight fractions of Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses were conducted and it has been shown that introduction of the RGO greatly changes the film morphology of the neat adhesive. Uni-axial tests were carried out to obtain the mechanical characteristics of the adhesive-RGO composites. It has been observed that introducing 0.5 wt% RGO enhances the ultimate tensile strength of the composites by 30%. In addition, single lap joints using neat adhesive and adhesive-RGO composites were fabricated to...