Sharif Digital Repository

Due to the growing demand for large memories, using emerging technologies such as Phase Change Memories (PCM) are inevitable. PCM with appropriate scalability, power consumption and multiple bits per cell storage capability is a probable candidate for substituting DRAM. Although storing multiple bits per cell seems to be a rational response to large memory demands, there is a significant problem to achieve this goal. Resistance drift problem is an important reliability concern that is coupled to a multi-level cell PCM (MLC PCM) memory system. In this paper, we propose a memory system architecture that, by exploiting the benefits of compression, converts resistance drift prone blocks to drift... 

3D imaging technologies are applied in numerous areas, including self-driving cars, drones, and robots, and in advanced industrial, medical, scientific, and consumer applications. 3D imaging is usually accomplished by finding the distance to multiple points on an object or in a scene, and then creating a point cloud of those range measurements. Different methods can be used for the ranging. Some of these methods, such as stereovision, rely on processing 2D images. Other techniques estimate the distance more directly by measuring the round-trip delay of an ultrasonic or electromagnetic wave to the object. Ultrasonic waves suffer large losses in air and cannot reach distances beyond a few... 

Today, cloud computing has developed as one of the important emergent technologies in communication and Internet. It offers on demand, pay per use access to infrastructure, platforms, and applications. Due to the increase in its popularity, the huge number of requests need to be handled in an efficient manner. Task scheduling as one of the challenges in the cloud computing supports the requests for assigning a particular resource so as to perform effectively. In the resource management, task scheduling is performed where there is the dependency between tasks. Many approaches and case studies have been developed for the scheduling of these tasks. Up to now, a systematic literature review... 

The short-term expansion planning of the private utilities, as well as the emerging technologies such as photovoltaic panels (PVs), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs), cryptocurrency mining, and storage elements spread, make the long-term load estimation of distribution transformers (DTs) noticeably imprecise. In response, the number of overload and underload transformers is growing in recent years. The utilities normally analyse the loading of their DTs annually to determine the DTs, which should be replaced. It is a common practice for utilities to relocate these DTs to reduce the investment needed to purchase new transformers. Therefore, the utility needs a systematic algorithm to... 

In this paper, we propose a new architecture for nanophotonic Networks on Chip (NoC), named 2D-HERT, which consists of optical data and control planes. The proposed data plane is built upon a new topology and all-optical switches that passively route optical data streams based on their wavelengths. Utilizing wavelength routing method, the proposed deterministic routing algorithm, and Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) technique, the proposed data plane eliminates the need for optical resource reservation at the intermediate nodes. For resolving end-point contention, we propose an all-optical request-grant arbitration architecture which reduces optical losses compared to the alternative... 

Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays are a promising emerging technology that has gained widespread research attention due to its zero leakage current, sharp ON-OFF transitions, and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor compatibility. As a result, NEM relays have been significantly investigated as highly energy-efficient design solutions. A major shortcoming of NEMs preventing their widespread use is their limited switching endurance. Hence, in order to utilize the low-power advantages of NEM relays, further device, circuit, and architectural techniques are required. In this paper, we introduce the concept of shadow NEM relays, which is a circuit-level technique to leverage the energy... 

Petroleum contamination of soil is a serious problem throughout oil-producing countries. One of the cost-effective options for removing contaminants from shallow soils is phytoremediation. Vegetation, by stimulating the microorganisms via releasing root exudates near the rhizosphere, may play an important role in the biodegradation of toxic organic chemicals in soil. This experiment investigates the efficiency of this emerging technology following the implementation of five plant species. The study was carried out in a greenhouse using crude oil-contaminated soil from sites around the Tehran Refinery. To study the effect of a water-absorbent agent, we also used hydrogel in this experiment.... 

Energy consumption is one of the prominent design constraints of multi-core embedded systems. Since the memory subsystem is responsible for a considerable portion of energy consumption of embedded systems, Non-Volatile Memories (NVMs) have been proposed as a candidate for replacing conventional memories such as SRAM and DRAM. The advantages of NVMs compared to conventional memories are that they consume less leakage power and provide higher density. However, these memories suffer from increased overhead of write operations and limited lifetime. In order to address these issues, researchers have proposed NVM-aware memory management techniques that consider the characteristics of the memories... 

In the contemporary era, the world is confronting numerous challenges that should be dealt with in the near future like effective management of energy, necessity for economic development, reducing environmental challenges, quality and security of life of its inhabitants. The growing concentration of the global inhabitants into towns and cities puts the urban areas in the center of the concerns and make them vital stakeholders for the viable growth strategy of the world. Consequently, Cyber-physical systems (CPS) can play a significant role in their adaptation to smart cities applications and projects. This paper aims to give an overview of the smart city concept and emerging technologies in... 

Wireless body area networks (WBANs) are receiving significant interest as the next generation of wireless networks and emerging technology in the field of health monitoring. One of the most important factors for the acceptance of WBANs is the provision of appropriate security and access control mechanisms. Due to its nature in transferring the patients' sensitive data, WBAN has both classical and specific security requirements. In this paper, we survey such requirements and propose a new security scheme for satisfying them in WBANs. The proposed scheme deals with the overall network architecture, including intra- and inter-WBAN tiers, and proposes two mutual authentication and key exchange... 

Chronic, non-healing wounds place a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems, resulting in impaired mobility, limb amputation, or even death. Chronic wounds result from a disruption in the highly orchestrated cascade of events involved in wound closure. Significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic wounds have resulted in the development of drugs designed to target different aspects of the impaired processes. However, the hostility of the wound environment rich in degradative enzymes and its elevated pH, combined with differences in the time scales of different physiological processes involved in tissue regeneration require the use of effective drug... 

Nowadays, the accelerated expansion of genetic data challenges speed of current DNA sequence alignment algorithms due to their electrical implementations. Essential needs of an efficient and accurate method for DNA variant discovery demand new approaches for parallel processing in real time. Fortunately, photonics, as an emerging technology in data computing, proposes optical correlation as a fast similarity measurement algorithm; while complexity of existing local alignment algorithms severely limits their applicability. Hence, in this paper, employing optical correlation for global alignment, we present an optical processing approach for local DNA sequence alignment to benefit both... 

This paper presents a new model for optimal scheduling of renewable-based multi-energy microgrid (MEM) systems incorporated with emerging high-efficient technologies such as electric vehicle (EVs) parking lots, power-to-gas (P2G) facility, and demand response programs. The proposed MEM is equipped with wind energy, multi-carrier energy storage technologies, boiler, combined heat and power unit, P2G, EVs, and demand response with the aim of total operational cost minimization. Meanwhile, the system operator can participate in three electricity, heat, and gas market to meet local demands as well as achieve desired profits through energy exchanges. The proposed MEM is exposed to high-level... 

Additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence and cloud manufacturing are three pillars of the emerging digitized industrial revolution, considered in industry 4.0. The literature shows that in industry 4.0, intelligent cloud based additive manufacturing plays a crucial role. Considering this, few studies have accomplished an integration of the intelligent additive manufacturing and the service oriented manufacturing paradigms. This is due to the lack of prerequisite frameworks to enable this integration. These frameworks should create an autonomous platform for cloud based service composition for additive manufacturing based on customer demands. One of the most important requirements of... 

A deterministic energy supply model with bottom-up structure has limited capability in handling the uncertainties. To enhance the applicability of such a model in an uncertain environment two main issues have been investigated in the present paper. First, a binomial lattice is generated based on the stochastic nature of the source of uncertainty. Second, an energy system model (ESM) has been reformulated as a multistage stochastic problem. The result of the application of the modified energy model encompasses all uncertain outcomes together and enables optimal timing of capacity expansion. The performance of the model has been demonstrated with the help of a case study. The case study has... 

The paper presents further experiments with an extended version of a comprehensive model for assessment of energy technologies and research and development (R&D) planning to evaluate the impact of innovation programs on development of Iranian electricity-supply system. This analytical instrument is a model of energy R&D resource allocation with an explicit perspective of developing countries which has been linked to a bottom-up energy-systems model. Three emerging electricity generation technologies of solar PV, wind turbine and gas fuel cell are considered in the model and the impact of innovation programs on cost-reducing innovation for them is examined. The main results provided by the...