Sharif Digital Repository

Abstract. The linear sequential circuit approximation method for combiners with memory is used to find mutually correlated linear transforms of the input and output sequences in the well-known summation generator with any number of inputs. It is shown that the determined correlation coefficient is large enough for applying a fast correlation attack to the output sequence to reconstruct the initial states of the input linear feedback shift registers. The proposed attack is based on iterative probabilistic decoding and appropriately generated low-weight parity-checks. The required output sequence length and the computational complexity are both derived. Successful experimental results for the... 

Rate constants, kA. for the aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2-chloro-3,5-dinitropyridine with aniline were determined in different compositions of 1-(1-butyl)-3-methylimidazolium terafluoroborate ([bmim]BF4) mixed with water, methanol, and ethanol at 25°C. The obtained rate constants of the reaction in pure solvents are in the following order: water > methanol > ethanol > [bmim]BF4. In these solutions, rate constants of the reaction decrease with the mole fraction of the ionic liquid. Single-parameter correlations of log kA versus normalized polarity parameter (ETN), hydrogen bond acceptor basicity (β), hydrogen bond donor acidity (α), and dipolarity/polarizability (π*) do not... 

Retinal vessels tortuosity is one of the important signs of cardiovascular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and hypertension. In this paper we present a simple and efficient algorithm to measure the grade of tortuosity in retinal images. This algorithm consists of four main steps,vessel detection, extracting vascular skeleton via thinning, detection of vessel crossovers and bifurcations and finally calculating local and global tortuosity. The last stage is based on a circular mask that is put on every skeleton point of retinal vessels. While the skeleton of vessel splits the circle in each position, the local tortuosity is considered to be the bigger to smaller area ratio. The proposed... 

In the present work, a novel microextraction method named in situ solvent formation microextraction (ISFME) using ionic liquids (ILs) for preconcentration of carbaryl and carbofuran in water samples is introduced. In this method, a small amount of sodium hexafluorophosphate (NaPF6), as an ion pairing agent, was added to a sample solution containing a small quantity of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [Hmim][BF4] as a hydrophobic ionic liquid. A cloudy solution formed as a result of formation of fine droplets of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [Hmim][PF 6]. After centrifugation, the fine droplets of the extractant phase settled to the bottom of the conical-bottom... 

The artificial neural network-group contribution (ANN-GC) method is applied to estimate the standard enthalpy of combustion of pure chemical compounds. A total of 4590 pure compounds from various chemical families are investigated to propose a comprehensive and predictive model. The obtained results show the squared correlation coefficient (R 2) of 0.999 99, root mean square error of 12.57 kJ/mol, and average absolute deviation lower than 0.16% for the estimated properties from existing experimental values  

The permeability is one of the most important reservoir parameters and its accurate prediction is necessary for reservoir management and enhancement. Although many empirical formulas are derived regarding permeability and porosity in sandstone reservoirs [1], these correlations cannot be modified accurately in carbonate reservoir for the wells which are not cored and there is no welltest data. Therefore estimation of these parameters is a challenge in reservoirs with no coring sample and welltest data. One of the most powerful tools to estimate permeability from well logs is Artificial Neural Network (ANN) whose advantages and disadvantages have been discussed by several authors [2]. In this... 

The aim of this study was to estimate the test-retest reliability of some commonly used center of pressure measures in postural control investigations of sport injuries under the diverse stressful postural conditions. Twelve patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury were evaluated on two separate sessions. The center of pressure was recorded from force platform and the following measures were calculated (1) standard deviation of amplitude (2) mean velocity (3) standard deviation of velocity (4) phase plane parameters and (5) area (95% confidence ellipse). Relative and absolute reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation, respectively.... 

Abstract: In this paper, a secure and efficient Blind Source Separation (BSS) based cryptosystem is presented. The use of BSS in audio and image cryptography in wireless networks has attracted more attention. A BSS based cryptosystem consists of three main parts: secret data, secret keys, and mixing matrix. In this paper, we propose a new design to create a proper mixing matrix in BSS based cryptosystem. We offer a mathematical criterion to select mixing matrix elements before encryption. The proposed criterion gives a simple way to attach the secret sources to keys, which makes source separation very hard for the adversary. Versus, we show that using the random mixing matrix can lead to... 

An immersed solvent microextraction (SME) method was successfully developed for the trace enrichment of s-triazine herbicides from aquatic media. A microdrop of butyl acetate was applied as the extraction solvent. After extraction, the microdrop was introduced directly into a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) injection port. Some important extraction parameters such as type of solvent, extraction time, stirring rate, and temperature were investigated and optimized. The highest possible microdrop volume of 3 μl, a sampling temperature of 60°C, and use of butyl acetate are major parameters to obtain high enrichment factors. The enrichment factor and linearity was studied by... 

A magnetic polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite was synthesized by an electrospinning technique and applied for isolation and preconcentration of fluoxetine from aquatic and biological samples. The nanocomposite was electrospun using a PU polymer solution containing the dispersed magnetic nanoparticles. The magnetic properties of iron nanoparticles, along with the use of an electrospinning technique, led to the formation of a suitable sorbent toward isolation of fluoxetine. The magnetic PU nanofibers could be subsequently removed from the sample solution by applying a permanent magnet. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the magnetic PU nanofibers confirms that their diameters are in... 

The objective of the work ahead is presentation of a new carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified by TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) and 1,2-bis-[o-aminophenyl thio] ethane (APTE) ligand as a selective cation receptor for determination of the Cd (II) ions using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The electrode shows an excellent tendency to Cd (II) ions in presence of some interfering species. Under the optimum conditions, a linear calibration curve was obtained in the concentration range of 2.9 nM to 4.6 μM with a correlation coefficient of 0.9969 in the anodic potential of 0.54 (V vs. Ag/AgCl). The metal detection limit was 2.0 nM after 10 min preconcentration (S/N = 3). The... 

Estimation of the viscosity of naturally occurring petroleum gases is essential to provide more accurate analysis of gas reservoir engineering problems. In this study, a new soft computing approach, namely, least square support vector machine (LSSVM) modeling, optimized with a coupled simulated annealing technique was applied for estimation of the natural gas viscosities at different temperature and pressure conditions. This model was developed based on 2485 viscosity data sets of 22 gas mixtures. The model predictions showed an average absolute relative error of 0.26% and a correlation coefficient of 0.99. The results of the proposed model were also compared with the well-known predictive... 

Similarity measure is an important key in image registration. Most traditional intensity-based similarity measures (e.g. sum-of-squared-differences, correlation coefficient, mutual information and correlation ratio) assume a stationary image and pixel-by-pixel independence. These similarity measures ignore the correlation among pixel intensities; hence, a perfect image registration cannot be achieved especially in the presence of spatially varying intensity distortions and outlier objects that appear in one image but not in the other. It is supposed here that non-stationary intensity distortion (such as bias field) has a sparse representation in the transformation domain. Based on this... 

In this study, a reliable and predictive model namely, least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) was developed to predict dye removal efficiency. Four LS-SVM models have been developed and tested using more than 630 series of experimental data which were obtained from our previous paper. These data consist of adsorbate type, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, salt, absorbance time and dye removal efficiency. Direct Red 31 (DR31), Direct Green 6 (DG6) and Acid Blue (AB92) were used as a model dyes. The results show that the developed model is more accurate and reliable with the average absolute relative deviation of 0.678%, 0.877%, 0.581% and 0.978% for single systems and... 

Bubble point pressure is a crucial PVT parameter of reservoir fluids, which has a significant effect on oil field development strategies, reservoir evaluation and production calculations. This communication presents a new mathematical model to calculate the saturation pressures of crude oils as a function of temperature, hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon reservoir fluid compositions, and characteristics of the heptane-plus fraction. The model was developed and tested using a total set of 130 experimentally measured compositions and saturation pressures of crude oil samples from different geographical locations covering wide ranges of crude oil properties and reservoir temperatures. In-depth...