Sharif Digital Repository

Efficient synthesis of protected and unprotected chlorohydrins has been achieved by ring opening of epoxides with acetyl/benzoyl chloride and TMSCl using a catalytic amount of ZnO as a reusable catalyst. The applicability of ZnO is further extended by performing the cleavage of the natural product 5,6-epoxysitosterol with acetyl chloride. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc  

Due to the extreme use of method engineering and increasing attention to construct methods customized for a specific project, domain, organization or a generic method compatible with the team characteristics and needs, existence of suitable and formalized frameworks and guidelines is one of the challenges method engineers are encountered. In this area, considering method construction as the goal of method engineering brings to the mind the software development process in which the product is a method adapting the method users' needs. This paper, with a new approach of applying software architecture in method engineering and making use of architecture styles, tries to take advantage of... 

An environmentally benign, aqueous synthesis of 1,2-azidoalcohols via regioselective ring opening of their epoxides using magnetic imidazolium based dicationic room temperature ionic liquid, [pbmim](FeCl4)2, as an efficient magnetic phase transfer catalyst in water has been described. The present approach offers the advantages of clean reaction, simple methodology, short reaction time, high yield, easy purification and reusable catalyst  

Object-oriented frameworks are widely used to develop new applications. They provide reusable concepts that are instantiated in application code through potentially complex implementation steps such as subclassing, implementing interfaces, and calling framework operations. Unfortunately, many modern frameworks are difficult to use because of their large and complex APIs and frequently incomplete user documentation. To cope with these problems, developers often use existing framework applications as a guide. However, locating concept implementations in those sample applications is typically challenging due to code tangling and scattering. To address this challenge, we introduce the notion of... 

In this study nickel ferrite magnetic nanoparticles were applied as an efficient and reusable catalyst in the four-component synthesis of substituted pyrroles under neat conditions. The reaction was conducted using various amounts of catalyst at different temperatures and finally, application of 5 mol% of catalyst at 100 °C was determined as the optimum reaction condition. Results showed that nickel ferrite nanoparticles could catalyze the reaction at relatively short times (3-4 h) with high to excellent yields (70-96%). The catalyst could be recovered easily using an external magnetic field and reused nine times without any significant activity lost  

Reusing the programs which have already been developed can shorten the production time and reduce costs and expenses. One of the important issues in software reuse is finding a program or a program component in a program library which has been already developed and using it in the new program. In view of precision and automation that formal methods can provide, we can use formal methods in retrieval appropriate components from the software libraries. In this paper, some of the works done in the field of retrieval of the components from the libraries by the help of formal methods have been surveyed and reviewed  

Focusing on aspects during early stages of the software development lifecycle has received special attention by many researchers, leading to the advent of numerous Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD) methods. This has consequently given a relatively high level of maturity to aspect-oriented processes. Process patterns, on the other hand, have been adopted as suitable mechanisms for defining or tailoring processes to fit specific organizational/project requirements. Process patterns, which essentially are reusable process components extracted from successful processes and practices, can be used to engineer new software development methodologies or to enhance existing ones. We propose... 

Object-oriented application frameworks, such as Java Swing, provide reusable code and design for implementing domain-specific concepts, such as Context Menu, in software applications. Hence, use of such frameworks not only can decrease the time and the cost of developing new software applications, but also can increase their maintainability. However, the main problems of using object-oriented application frameworks are their large and complex APIs, and often incomplete user manuals. To mitigate these problems, developers often try to learn how to implement their desired concepts from available sample applications. Nonetheless, this introduces another hard and time-consuming challenge which... 

Emergence of instrumentation frameworks has vastly contributed to the software engineering practices. As the instrumentation use cases become more complex, complexity of instrumenting programs also increases, leading to a higher risk of software defects, increased development time, and decreased maintainability. In security applications such as symbolic execution and taint analysis, which need to instrument a large number of instruction types, this complexity is prominent. This paper presents an architecture based on the Pin binary instrumentation framework to abstract the low-level OS and hardware-dependent implementation details, facilitate code reuse in heavyweight instrumentation use... 

Code reuse has well-known benefits on code quality, coding efficiency, and maintenance. Open Source Software (OSS) programmers gladly share their own code and they happily reuse others’. Social programming platforms like GitHub have normalized code foraging via their common platforms, enabling code search and reuse across different projects. Removing project borders may facilitate more efficient code foraging, and consequently faster programming. But looking for code across projects takes longer and, once found, may be more challenging to tailor to one’s needs. Learning how much code reuse goes on across projects, and identifying emerging patterns in past cross-project search behavior may... 

Code reuse has well-known benefits on code quality, coding efficiency, and maintenance. Open Source Software (OSS) programmers gladly share their own code and they happily reuse others’. Social programming platforms like GitHub have normalized code foraging via their common platforms, enabling code search and reuse across different projects. Removing project borders may facilitate more efficient code foraging, and consequently faster programming. But looking for code across projects takes longer and, once found, may be more challenging to tailor to one’s needs. Learning how much code reuse goes on across projects, and identifying emerging patterns in past cross-project search behavior may... 

The Software Product Line (SPL) approach is a paradigm for systematic reuse of software products, and a Software Factory is a SPL aimed at the industrialization of software development. Based on the notion that a software/RE process can be developed via an engineering process (much akin to engineering other types of software), this research aims to provide a feature-based RE process factory to develop RE processes based on the characteristics of the project at hand (project situation). In our approach, the project situation is modeled as the problem domain through using the i* modeling language (resulting in a situation model). A feature model can encapsulate all the features in an SPL;... 

Selecting a suitable Requirements Engineering (RE) process is usually based on personal preferences or existing company practices rather than on the characteristics of the project at hand (project situation). Feature-oriented software development is the overall process of developing software systems in terms of their features. The Software Product Line (SPL) approach is a paradigm for systematic reuse of software products, and a Software Factory is a SPL aimed at the industrialization of software development. Based on the notion that a software/RE process can be developed via an engineering process, this research aims to provide a feature-based RE process factory to develop RE processes... 

Abstract Software product line engineering is a method of producing a set of related products that share more commonalities than variability in a cost-effective approach. Software product lines provide systematic reuse within a product family. Extended feature models with cardinalities are widely used for managing variability and commonality in the software product line domains. In this paper, we use promotion technique in Alloy to formalize constraint based extended feature models with cardinalities and their specialization and generalization. This technique has a significant influence on applying analysis operations on feature models. To show the benefits of the promotion technique, we... 

The preparation, characterization and catalytic application of a novel copper-loaded ionic liquid-based periodic mesoporous organosilica (Cu@PMO-IL) are described. The mesoporous structure of the Cu@PMO-IL material is characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The thermal stability of the material is also determined by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The presence of copper species in the material framework is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and elemental analysis (EA). The catalytic application of Cu@PMO-IL nanocatalyst is then investigated in the Biginelli condensation of different aldehydes with urea and... 

Web Engineering has been enriched with processes and modeling languages that focus on the specific features of web-based systems, taking into account the special requirements and constraints that are associated with this specific context. Process Patterns, on the other hand, represent elements of knowledge and experience in software engineering; they also act as reusable method chunks that can be used for constructing bespoke methodologies that are tailored to fit specific project situations. We propose a set of process patterns based on current web development practices. A number of prominent web development methodologies have been studied, and a set of process patterns has been elicited... 

Information systems are expected to satisfy increasingly ambitious requirements, while reducing time-to-market has become a primary objective. This trend has necessitated the advent of development approaches that are better equipped and flexible enough to cope with modern challenges. Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) and Situational Method Engineering (SME) are approaches addressing this requirement: MDA provides promising means for automating the software process, and revitalizes the role of modeling in software development; SME focuses on project-specific methodology construction, mainly through assembling reusable method fragments (process patterns) retrieved from a method base. We provide... 

Nowadays, software product line is an approach to reduce costs of software development, decrease time to market, and increase capabilities of reuse in designing and exploiting software development processes. Moreover, other quality attributes of the project domain should be considered to enhance quality of the product. Meanwhile, taking advantage of software product line makes developers capable of estimating development costs and time to market in a more realistic way. However, old approaches to estimate cost of development and foresee time to market are not suitable enough for software product line. In this paper, some important business parameters and a way to calculate cost and time to... 

Component-Based Development (CBD) has been broadly used in software development, as it enhances reusability and flexibility, and reduces the costs and risks involved in systems development. It has therefore spawned many widely-used approaches, such as Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) and software product lines. On the other hand, in order to gain a competitive edge, organizations need to define custom processes tailored to fit their specific development requirements. This has led to the emergence of process patterns and Method Engineering approaches. We propose a set of process patterns commonly encountered in component-based development methodologies. Seven prominent component-based... 

The design and development of efficient approaches for water–oil separation have had widespread interest. Most previously introduced techniques and materials used for development of the successful separation of oily wastewater could not answer all the desired demands, such as being efficient and environmentally and economically friendly. Therefore, in seeking a novel method capable of answering these expectations, surfaces with special wettability were introduced. A novel, reusable, and recyclable superhydrophilic and superoleophobic poly(Vsim-Vim)@PFOA@SiO2 nanocomposite-coated stainless steel mesh was synthesized through a facile preparation process. Since the most important factors of...