Sharif Digital Repository

Small islands around the world face various hazards such as sea-water level rise, hurricanes, human activities over pressure, environmental degradation, and pollution. Resiliency is a critical feature that has to be maintained in these sensitive and vulnerable areas. This paper focuses on the importance of Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) in increasing the level of resiliency in small islands. Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) has been recommended for practice by United Nations 1992 Rio Conference resolution to conserve the valuable natural resources of the coastal areas around the globe and improve their deteriorating environmental conditions. Integrated coastal management plan... 

Extended Boussinesq-type water wave equations are derived in two horizontal dimensions to capture the nonlinearity effects and frequency dispersion of wave in a high accuracy order. A multi-parameter perturbation analysis is applied in several steps to extend the previous second order Boussinesq-type equations in to 6th order for frequency dispersion and consequential order for nonlinearity terms. The presented high-order Boussinesq-type equation is applied in a numerical model to simulate the wave field transformation due to physical processes such as shoaling, refraction and diffraction. The models results are compared with available experimental data which obtained in a laboratory wave... 

Rubble-mound breakwaters are common marine structures that provide a safe area for human coastal activities. The stability of these structures against sea-waves requires their seaward slope to be protected by an armor layer consisting of natural rock or concrete units. To provide a safe breakwater, it is reasonable to establish a relation between the exerted wave loads and the stability of the armor units. However, up to now, the empirical design equations, derived from model tests, relate wave parameters to armor weight, and keeps the effect of wave loads in a black box. In this paper, a new approach, based on numerically-derived wave loads on the armor, is presented to evaluate the... 

Free Trade Zones (FTZs) around the world offer special advantages to investors and facilitate import/export of goods in order to boost the regional economy. Integrated coastal management in these areas faces special challenges in addition to what ordinary ICZMs usually encounter. For a successful ICZM plan, the very strong business orientation in FTZs has to be taken into account, while other important aspects such as environmental, social, and cultural issues should not be overlooked. The problem becomes more difficult where the free zone is situated in sensitive and valuable environmental circumstances.Kish Island, a free trade zone in the Persian Gulf region, has recently been the focus... 

Landslide-generated waves (LGWs) are among natural hazards that have stimulated attentions and concerns of engineers and researchers during the past decades. At the same period, the application of numerical modeling has been progressively increased to assess, control, and manage the risks of such hazards. This paper represents an overview of numerical studies on LGWs to explore associated recent advances and future challenges. In this review, the main landslide events followed by an LGW hazard are scrutinized. The uncertainty regarding landslide characteristics and the lack of data concerning generated tsunami properties highlights the necessity of probabilistic analysis and numerical... 

Low-crested breakwaters have become more attractive because they do not hinder the beautiful coastal landscape and are more environmentally friendly comparing to traditional breakwaters. The available formulae for design of these types of structures mainly focus on wave transmission, reflection and dissipation aspects. However, stability of the armour blocks are not directly taken into account in the design process. In this study the Lagrangian meshfree method of SPH along with a discrete element method i.e. Polyhedral DEM are used to simulate the interaction between the sea water waves with different characteristics and low-crested breakwaters constructed using cubic armour blocks. SPH is... 

Hydrodynamics of highly nonlinear cnoidal waves and their subsequent strong plunging breakers are among the least understood and most significant issues in coastal engineering. In this work, a weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) formulation is used for the study of the generation and propagation of cnoidal waves and investigation of the characteristics of the induced strong plunging breakers. Numerical results show the capability of the SPH scheme for properly simulating the cnoidal waves. For the case of strong plunging breakers, dynamic and kinematic features of the flow are computed and compared with certain implementations of other numerical techniques. SPH is shown... 

Iran, having two separate coastlines at its north and south of about 3000 km length, with very different characteristics, suffers from various coastal problems. While its northern coastal area is over-populated and its sensitive and unique habitats must be protected from destruction, most of its southern coastal areas are undeveloped and deserted. Intense oil and gas exploitation activities in the Caspian Sea region and occurrence of two wars in the Persian Gulf during the last two decades have rendered hydrocarbon pollution a major issue for this country's marine and coastal environment. Biodiversity is under threat in some areas and natural resources are deteriorating. To overcome the... 

The human impact on the coastal ecosystems is a global environmental concern. Due to the growing urbanization, industrialization, and transportation, this impact on the living and non-living components of the coastal area is expected to further increase in the coming years. Artificial intelligence based automation of the coastal monitoring, including data collection, analysis and decision making, provides real-time insights and opportunities for large-scale coastal management and governance. In this paper, a framework for autonomous litter surveying and human activity monitoring for governance intelligence in coastal eco-cyber-physical systems (ecoCystem) is presented. A large dataset of... 

In this work, a two-dimensional fourth-order Boussinesq-type numerical model is applied to estimate the impact of landslide-generated waves in dam reservoirs. This numerical model has recently been extended for simulating subaerial landslides. The extended model is validated using available three-dimensional experimental data, and a good agreement is obtained. The numerical model is then employed to investigate the impact of landslide-generated waves in two real cases, the Maku and Shafa-Roud dam reservoirs in the northwestern and the north of Iran, respectively. Generated wave heights, wave run-up, maximum wave height above dam crest, and dam overtopping volume have been estimated for each...