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cancer-diagnosis
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A hybrid particle swarm optimization and fuzzy rule-based system for breast cancer diagnosis
, Article International Journal of Soft Computing ; Volume 8, Issue 2 , 2013 , Pages 126-133 ; 18169503 (ISSN) ; Abdullah, S ; Mousavi, S. M ; Akhavan Niaki, S. T ; Sharif University of Technology
2013
Abstract
A hybrid algorithm of a particle swarm optimization and a fuzzy rule-based classification system is proposed in this study to diagnose breast cancer. Two orthogonal and triangular types of fuzzy sets are applied to represent the input variables. In additional, different input membership functions are considered to increase the classification accuracy. The performance of the proposed hybrid algorithm is studied using a classification accuracy measure on the Wisconsin breast cancer dataset. The results of the comparison using different training data sets show the higher performance of the proposed methodology
Analyzing Genetic Data With Data Mining Techniques
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Abolhassani, Hassan (Supervisor)
Abstract
Gene expression using microarrays technology has special importance in biology studies especially in cancer researches. Using this technology we can assess expression level of several thousand genes simultaneously. One of the major applications of this technology is diseases’ diagnosis which cancers are the most important types of them. The problem in classifying microarray data is its high dimension; although number of samples hardly exceeds a hundred. This severe asymmetry and high dimensionality, results in reduction of accuracy, speed, stability and generalization of classification methods. Thus, one of the most important issues in cancer diagnosis is selection of related and useful...
Synthesis of Graphene Quantum Dots for Biomedical Application
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sadrnezhaad, KHatiboleslam (Supervisor) ; Ahhadiaan, Mohammad Mehdi (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) as a sort of carbon-based nanomaterials are applied in a multitude of exciting areas. They are effective fluorescent probe for many potential biological and medical applications. In comparison to conventional organic fluorescent probes (organic dyes), GQDs have substantial advantages, such as photostability, excellent solubility, low cytotoxicity and biocompatibility.
In this thesis, green fluorescent GQDs have been prepared via solvothermal method from graphite powder.Various analysis methods were utilized to characterization of the product. So, several experiments on GQDs in solution and in solid substrate at room temperature have been performed. The...
In this thesis, green fluorescent GQDs have been prepared via solvothermal method from graphite powder.Various analysis methods were utilized to characterization of the product. So, several experiments on GQDs in solution and in solid substrate at room temperature have been performed. The...
Investigation, Design and Simulation of Elastography and IOTA Imaging Modes in Ultrasound Systems
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Vosoughi Vahdat, Bijan (Supervisor) ; Kavehvash, Zahra (Supervisor)
Abstract
Ultrasound is one of the most widely used imaging techniques used by physicians and radiologists as a tool. It has many diagnostic and therapeutic uses. In particular, ultrasound imaging is used for prenatal imaging due to relative safety, low cost, nature Non-ionizing, instant display and ease of use by the operator, widely used in many countries around the world. According to the Ministry of Health, ovarian cancer is the most important cause of death in women The effect of cancer in Iran. Breast cancer is also one of the most common cancers in women, followed by cancer Cervix and ovarian and uterine cancers are also among the most common cancers in women. This issue is not only in Iran It...
Cancer Detection and Classification in Histopathology Images Under Small Training Set
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Rohban, Mohammad Hossein (Supervisor) ; Sharifi Zarchi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Histopathology images are a type of medical images that are used to diagnose a variety of diseases. One of these illnesses is the Leukemia cancer, which has four different subtypes and is diagnosed using a blood smear image. As a result of the advancement of deep learning tools, models for diagnosing various types of disease from images have been developed in recent years.In this project, one of the best models developed to diagnose four different types of disease was replicated, and it was demonstrated that, while this model achieves acceptable accuracy, its decision is not based on medically significant criteria. In the following, a general method for diagnosing the disease is proposed...
Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with Chemometric Techniques for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Parastar Shahri, Hadi (Supervisor)
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most known types of cancer. About every eight women, one woman will suffer from one of the types of malignant tissues during her life. Diagnosing this type of cancer in the early stages is an important matter and can lead to full recovery. Therefore, one of the challenges in this field is the emergence of a fast method with high sensitivity to diagnose this disease in its early stages. Currently, biopsy is the standard method for breast cancer diagnosis. However, there are some drawbacks to this method. For instance, in order to detect the tumor margin, all breast tissue must be removed, which causes all breast tissue, including healthy tissues, to be removed....
An Investigation on the Parameters Affecting Electrochemical Biosensors Performance to Detect Prostate Cancer
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Abdekhodaie, Mohammad Jafar (Supervisor)
Abstract
Early detection of prostate cancer using biosensors has been a subject of research for nearly two decades due to its critical importance. The timing of detection plays a crucial role in determining treatment success rates. However, a significant limitation of these studies has been the cost and limited sensitivity of the sensors. In this research, various treatments used in biosensors were compared and necessary parameters to develop a sensitive, low-cost sensor have been subject of optimization. For this reason, we used pencil graphite and graphite sheet electrodes, both of which have potential for low-cost production on a large scale. Additionally, we tested graphene oxide, amine-treated...
Breast cancer diagnosis and classification in MR-images using multi-stage classifier
, Article ICBPE 2006 - 2006 International Conference on Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Singapore, 11 December 2006 through 14 December 2006 ; 2006 , Pages 84-87 ; 8190426249 (ISBN); 9788190426244 (ISBN) ; Torabi, M ; Fatemizadeh, E ; Sharif University of Technology
2006
Abstract
in this paper we present an integrated classifier that is used in mammogram MR-image for classification of breast cancers and abnormalities using a Multi-stage classifier, the method developed here first classifies mammograms into normal and abnormal and then for abnormal cases determines that if the case cancer is benign or malignant and also determine the type of breast cancer. In this paper there are two main topics that must be considered. First one is selection of good features and second is designing a good structure for classifier. In this study, the features are a combination of some features that are extracted from Spatial Grey Level Dependency matrix and some statistical descriptor...
Design, Simulation and Fabrication of a Centrifugal Microfluidic Device for Circulating Tumor Cells Separation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Shamloo, Amir (Supervisor) ; Nouri Borujerdi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
In this project, two centrifugal microfluidic platforms with the goal of separation and genetical study of circulating tumor cells have been designed, simulated and fabricated. Circulating tumor cells are the ones that are detached from the cancer tumors, entered the blood and disseminated the danger of cancer through other parts of the body. Both passive and active methods of separation are investigated in this study. The passive method is based on the inertial effects of the fluid and the active method is based on the magnetophoretic force exerted from an external magnetic field. In order to use the active method, the magnetic nanoparticles are attached to the breast cancer cells by the...
An Approach for Cancer Diagnosis Based on Graph Modeling
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Habibi, Jafar (Supervisor)
Abstract
Digital image analysis of histological datasets is a currently expanding field of research. Histological images are inherently complex in nature and contain a wide variety of visual information. Graph-based methods have recently gained immense popularity, as these methods can effectively describe tissue architecture and provide adequate numeric information for subsequent computer-based analysis. Graphs have the ability to represent spatial arrangements and neighborhood relationships of different tissue components, which are essential characteristics observed visually by pathologists during the investigation of specimens. In this thesis, we proposed an automatic approach for classification...
Application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy of Biofluids in Disease Diagnosis
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Nejat, Hossein (Supervisor) ; Meghdari, Ali (Supervisor) ; Beigzadeh, Borhan (Co-Advisor)
Abstract
The ability to diagnose a disease rapidly, non-invasively, with high confidence level and low cost can be of great importance in many ways such as 'detection and on-time conduction of remedial strategies. Hence It can reduce fatality rate and costs in the hygiene field. Currently some pathological diagnosis methods are not suitable considering their precision and costs and in addition to that, most of them are single-function and are developed for diagnosis of a particular disease and don't perform well in the case of multiple disease factors. Many diseases are caused by metabolic disorders and thus direct study of metabolic factors can provide us with a lot of evidence on the disease. One...
Modeling and Localization in Molecular Communication
, Ph.D. Dissertation Sharif University of Technology ; Aminzadeh Gohari, Amin (Supervisor) ; Ashtiani, Farid (Co-Supervisor) ; Nasiri Kenari, Masoumeh (Co-Supervisor)
Abstract
Molecular communication (MC) is a relatively new branch in telecommunication science. This branch is designed to transmit information in small environments (about nanometers). Applications of molecular communication include identification of abnormalities, detection of cancers, etc. The smallness of the transmission environment has caused new challenges and areas in this field. One of the unique features of MC with no parallel in classical wireless communication is chemical reactions: different types of molecules can react with each other and form new types of molecules in the medium. This feature of MC poses a challenge in macroscale MC since equations describing chemical reaction with...
Cancer Detection Classification by cfDNA Methylation
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Sharifi Zarchi, Ali (Supervisor)
Abstract
Traditional techniques use invasive histology techniques to diagnose cancer. Cancer tissue is sampled directly in this method, which is very painful for the patient. In recent years, scientists have discovered that the cell world is released into the blood plasma after cell death, obtaining useful cancer information. Since methylation changes in cancer cells are very significant and the death rate of cancer cells is high, the methylation of each tissue is different from the other. Furthermore, they were diagnosing the type of cancer.On the other hand, due to the different patterns in methylated DNA with normal DNA and the use of bisulfite treatment technique to detect the degree of...
Evaluation of the Possibility of Diagnosing Female Gynecologic Cancer using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF)Spectroscopy of Hair and Nail
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Hosseini, Abulfazl (Supervisor) ; Salimi, Ehsan (Supervisor)
Abstract
In recent years, indirect methods of cancer detection that utilize changes in trace element levels in various parts of the body, such as hair and nails, have garnered significant attention from researchers.The primary objective of these methods is to identify alterations in trace element levels that serve as biological markers in the presence of disease. While direct examination of affected organs remains the gold standard for cancer diagnosis, it is often expensive, time-consuming, inconvenient, and associated with potential side effects. Therefore, if the effectiveness of this approach is validated, it could serve as a cost-effective, non-invasive, safe, and early diagnostic method in...
Hybrid nanomaterials containing PAMAM, polyrotaxane and quantum dot blocks
, Article Nano ; Volume 6, Issue 3 , June , 2011 , Pages 239-249 ; 17932920 (ISSN) ; Sarabi, R. S ; Sadeghi, E ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Pseudopolyrotaxanes, Ps-PR, consisting of α-cyclodextrin rings, polyethylene glycol axes and end triazine groups were prepared and then were capped by amino-functionalized quantum dots, NH 2-QDs, to achieve polyrotaxanes. The amino-functionalized QDs stoppers of polyrotaxanes were used as core to synthesize polyamidoamine, PAMAM, dendrons divergently and hybrid nanomaterials were obtained. Synthesized hybrid nanomaterials were characterized by different spectroscopy, microscopy and thermal analysis methods. They were freely soluble in water and their aqueous solutions were stable at room temperature over several months. Due to their biocompatible backbone, high functionality and water...
Novel aspects of application of cadmium telluride quantum dots nanostructures in radiation oncology
, Article Applied Physics A: Materials Science and Processing ; Volume 123, Issue 8 , 2017 ; 09478396 (ISSN) ; Zare, H ; Karimi, S ; Rahighi, R ; Feizi, S ; Sharif University of Technology
Springer Verlag
2017
Abstract
In the last two decades, quantum dots nanomaterials have garnered a great deal of scientific interest because of their unique properties. Quantum dots (QDs) are inorganic fluorescent nanocrystals in the size range between 1 and 20 nm. Due to their structural properties, they possess distinctive properties and behave in different way from crystals in macro scale, in many branches of human life. Cadmium telluride quantum dots (CdTe QDs) were labeled with 68Ga radio nuclide for fast in vivo targeting and coincidence imaging of tumors. Using instant paper chromatography, the physicochemical properties of the Cadmium telluride quantum dots labeled with 68Ga NPs (68Ga@ CdTe QDs) were found high...
Design of a hybrid inertial and magnetophoretic microfluidic device for ctcs separation from blood
, Article Micromachines ; Volume 12, Issue 8 , 2021 ; 2072666X (ISSN) ; Shamloo, A ; Akbari, J ; Sharif University of Technology
MDPI AG
2021
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) isolation from a blood sample plays an important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Microfluidics offers a great potential for cancer cell separation from the blood. Among the microfluidic-based methods for CTC separation, the inertial method as a passive method and magnetic method as an active method are two efficient well-established methods. Here, we investigated the combination of these two methods to separate CTCs from a blood sample in a single chip. Firstly, numerical simulations were performed to analyze the fluid flow within the proposed channel, and the particle trajectories within the inertial cell separation unit were investigated to...
Design and Analysis of Microwave Breast Cancer Detection
, M.Sc. Thesis Sharif University of Technology ; Fakharzade Jahromi, Mohammad (Supervisor)
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types and is the leading cause of cancerrelated death among females according to American Cancer Society statistics. Breast screening and early detection is the most effective method of management and treatment of this disease. Currently, several imaging systems for breast cancer detection are being used among which microwave imaging has caught the attention of many as a promising tool for early breast cancer detection. Microwave imaging is considered as a non-invasive, relatively low-cost, Fast, convenient, and safe method for breast cancer screening. this research aims to implement a 3D imaging system that operates based on the microwave...
Polyrotaxane capped quantum dots as new candidates for cancer diagnosis and therapy
, Article Journal of Nanostructured Polymers and Nanocomposites ; Volume 7, Issue 1 , 2011 , Pages 18-31 ; 17904439 (ISSN) ; Sadeghi, E ; Hosseinkhani, H ; Mahmoudi, M ; Kalantari, M ; Adeli, M ; Sharif University of Technology
2011
Abstract
Molecular self-assembly of cadmium selenide quantum dots-end-capped polyrotaxane hybrid nanostructures (PRCdSe QDs) was led to a new type of core-shell hybrid nanomaterials consisting of cadmium selenide quantum dot (CdSe QDs) core and polyrotaxane shell (PR@QDs). Structure of PR@QDs was characterized using various techniques. It has been observed that the size of PR@QDs was between 20-25 nm in which diameter of core and thickness of shell were between 15-20 and 2-3 nm, respectively. Short-term in vitro cytotoxicity tests, using MTT (3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, were conducted on mouse tissue connective fibroblast adhesive cell line (L929) in order to...
Classification of abnormalities in mammograms by new asymmetric fractal features
, Article Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering ; Volume 36, Issue 1 , 2016 , Pages 56-65 ; 02085216 (ISSN) ; Ahmadi Noubari, H ; Fatemizadeh, E ; Khalili, M ; Sharif University of Technology
PWN-Polish Scientific Publishers
2016
Abstract
In this paper we use fractal method for detection and diagnosis of abnormalities in mammograms. We have used 168 images that were carefully selected by a radiologist and their abnormalities were also confirmed by biopsy. These images included asymmetric lesions, architectural distortion, normal tissue and mass lesion where in case of mass lesion they included circumscribed benign, ill-defined and spiculated malignant masses. At first, by using wavelet transform and piecewise linear coefficient mapping, image enhancement were done. Secondly detection of lesions was done by fractal method as a ROI. Since in investigation of breast cancer, it is important that fibroglandular tissues in both...