Sharif Digital Repository

Porous nitrogen-doped carbons derived from biomass wastes are considered as promising materials for energy storage devices. Herein, a novel and scalable synthesis route for preparation of these materials from sugarcane bagasse waste is demonstrated. The synthesis process includes a hydrogel intermediate in which delignified bagasse and polyacrylamide networks are interlaced in molecular scale and calcium acetate serves as a hard template within the polymeric chains. After pre-carbonization and chemical activation of the hydrogel, porous nitrogen-doped carbon with high surface area of 1834.3 m2 g−1 and considerable pore volume of 1.03 cm3 g−1 was obtained with nitrogen and oxygen contents of... 

Rapid population growth and widespread industrialization are the main contributing factors to the increasing contamination of the world’s diminishing freshwater resources. This work investigates Fe/TiO2 as an efficient and sustainable photocatalyst for treating organic micropollutants in water. The photocatalysts prepared by these mechanochemical methods used a high-energy ball milling technique to manipulate Fe/TiO2’s structural, optical, and catalytic properties for the photo-oxidation of 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Doping with iron effectively reduced the band gap of rutile TiO2 from 3 to 2.22 eV. By reducing the ball/powder ratio from 34 to 7, the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP... 

The doping reaction of boron nitride and carbon nanotubes with aluminium atom was theoretically investigated. ONIOM method and PM6 method have been used to evaluate the thermochemistry of doping reactions of single walled boron nitride nanotubes and carbon nanotubes. The enthalpy changes, Gibbs free energy changes, of studied doping reactions were evaluated at different temperatures. All nanotubes were single-walled and finite length with hydrogen saturation in the terminal atoms. The thermodynamic calculations based on the ONIOM and PM6 levels results showed (8,0)CNT is the best candidate for Al-doping reaction.result suggest the aluminum doped boron nitride nanotubes and carbon nanotubes... 

The magnetoresistance of single phase polycrystalline Gd(Ba 2-xPrx)Cu3O7-δ samples have been studied within thermally activated flux creep model. The decrease of pinning energy with applied magnetic field can be scaled to two power law relations for magnetic fields, smaller and also larger than about 1 kOe. The derived pinning energy shows that the Pr-doping, similar to weak links, decreases the vortex flux pinning energy. It is also concluded that the substitution of Pr at Ba site has a more destructive effect on the flux dynamics than Pr at rare earth site. © 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim  

The Gd(Ba2-xPrx)Cu3O7+δ single phase polycrystalline samples with 0.00 ≤ x < 1.00 were investigated for pseudogap phenomenon in comparison with the (Gd1-xPrx)Ba2Cu3O7-δ compound. The measured XRD and its Rietveld refinement show that Pr is substituted at Ba site, with its stoichiometric order, and an orthorhombic-tetragonal transition occurs at x = 0.20. For x ≥ 0.60, the solubility limit of the system exceeds. Based on the resistivity measurements, the effect of Pr substitution in 123 structure of HTSC at Gd or Ba site is to increase the pseudogap temperature Ts, although, Pr at Ba site has a stronger effect on the suppression of Ts and superconductivity. Pr-doping not only reduces the... 

Effect of doping of carbon nanotubes by magnetic transition metal atoms has been considered in this paper. In the case of semiconducting tubes, it was found that the system has zero magnetization, whereas in metallic tubes the valence electrons of the tube screen the magnetization of the dopants: the coupling to the tube is usually antiferromagnetic (except for Cr)  

Zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) provide an exciting platform to design and fabricate non-precious-metal carbon-based catalysts for oxygen reduction/evolution reaction (ORR/OER). Herein, we elaborately design a facile enzyme-assisted synthetic strategy that enables to tailor the ZIFs precursors into structural stable decussation shape, which derived Co nanoislands grafted on decussate N-doped carbon nanoleaves (D-Co@NC) can well retain the interpenetrating nanostructure. Benefiting from the combined advantages of compositions and interpenetrating nanostructures, D-Co@NC possesses 5.2 times higher exposed electrochemical active area than the conventional dodecahedral one, thus endowing... 

Simple synthesis of silver doped TiO2 nanostructured layers by micro arc oxidation process is reported for the first time. The layers consisted of anatase and rutile phases whose characteristic XRD-peaks shifted toward lower diffraction angles when compared to the pure micro arc oxidized TiO 2 layers. Silver-doping was confirmed by XPS technique. The anatase phase crystalline size was determined as 27.6 and 21.8 nm for the layers grown under the voltages of 350 and 500 V. Employing a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, a red shift in the absorption edge of the layers was observed when silver was incorporated into the titania lattice  

In order to study the Hall effect in pure and CNT-doped Y-123 polycrystalline samples, we have measured the longitudinal and transverse voltages at different magnetic field (0 - 9 T) in the normal and vortex states. In the normal state, the Hall coefficient is positive and decreases with increasing temperature, and can be approximately fitted to RH = a + bT-1. We have found a sign reversal in the pure sample for the magnetic field of about 3 T, and double sign reversal of the Hall coefficient in the 0.7 wt% CNT-doped sample at about 3 and 5 T. The Hall resistivity in our samples depends on the pinning  

To enhance hydrophilicity and photocatalytic activity, N-doped and N–V-codoped TiO2films were coated on glass substrates by the sol–gel dip-coating method. The substrates were previously coated with SiO2using the same method. The coated samples, after annealing at 450 °C for 30 min in air, were analyzed by an X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, X-ray photoelectron spectroscope, and UV–visible spectroscope. The SiO2/N–V-codoped TiO2photocatalyst showed a narrower band gap (2.93 eV) compared to the SiO2/N-doped. Degradation tests, methyl orange under UV light and stearic acid under visible light, were performed in order to evaluate... 

In this paper we study the optical bistability in a double coupler fiber ring resonator which consists of an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in half part of the fiber ring and a quantum dot doped fiber (QDF) saturable absorber in the other half. The bistability is provided by the QDF section of the ring resonator. The EDFA is employed to reduce the switching power. The transmitted and reflected bistability characteristics are investigated. It is shown that the switching power for this new bistable device is less than 10 mW  

An Erbium-doped silica CROW can be employed as a band pass and band stop amplifier in telecommunication systems. Also it can be proposed as wide band amplifier as well as narrow band amplifier. We investigate theoretically and simulate structure of Erbium-doped CROW (EDC) with different parameters to realize its performance and possible applications as an amplifier. In this paper we try to consider effect of different parameters on gain spectrum of systems. © 2009 SPIE  

The bulk samples of GdBa2Cu3-xCrxO7-δ with x = 0-0.3 have been prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction method. Structural phases were determined by powder X-ray diffraction. The XRD and the unit cell parameters were obtained through Rietveld refinement of the XRD data. By increasing the doping, the c parameter decreases and the a parameter increases, and by the nearly fixed b parameter, the orthorhombic phase approaches to the tetragonal phase. The resistivity measurements show a strong effect of doping on suppression of Tc. At the first doping step of x = 0.05, Tc decreases abruptly to 57 K, but by increasing the doping, this rate slows down and becomes nearly linear for higher... 

Solid-state-reacted polycrystalline Nd(Ba2-xPr x)Cu3O7+8 materials have been prepared and investigated using X-ray diffraction and resistivity measurements. Our results show that Nd(Ba2-xPrx)Cu3O7+8 is a superconductor when x < 0.3. The Tc depression in superconductivity of Pr at Ba sites is due to both hole filling/localization and depairing effects. The normal state conductivity undergoes a dimensional crossover from two-dimensional to three-dimensional in the frame of the variable range hopping regime. The localization length of carriers shows that Pr doping localizes carriers in the normal state and causes the Tc depression. The magnetoresistance of the samples has been investigated...