Sharif Digital Repository

The leaching process is the first stage in the process of extracting uranium out of the ore. The leaching, based on the used material is divided into two main methods of acidic and alkali leaching. Each of these two techniques have their own pros and cones. It is notable that due to lower costs, and faster kinetics, the acid leaching is the first option of the mines unless the percentage of carbonates (and the other acid-soluble materials) in the ore are too high that makes this process uneconomical because of higher acid consumption. The kinetics of the acid leaching of the uranium depends on various parameters such as acid concentration, the particle size, exposure time and the temperature... 

The chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of graphene from methane on a copper substrate is the most promising method for production of large-area graphene films. There have been long-standing challenges in this field such as controlling the graphene coverage, film quality, the number of layers, and the nucleation density of graphene domain. These challenges can be overcome by developing a fundamental understanding of the graphene growth process. The main aim of this study is to control nucleation density of graphene domains. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) graphene is polycrystalline, and grain boundaries in graphene film have been identified to degrade the properties of graphene as a membrane... 

Different catalysts have been proposed for CO oxidation reaction and still many researches are performed to obtain a catalyst with high activity and stability. In this study, MOFs of CuBTC, MIL-101(Cr), and NH2-MIL-101(Cr) and active metal of Pd have been selected and their performances have been investigated in CO oxidation reaction. MOFs have been synthesized by hydrothermal method. Pd loading has been performed by impregnation method in various pH and in aqeous palladium nitrate solution and palladium nitrate solution in nitric acid. To reveal the effect of the nature of noble metal, activity of 1% Pt/MIL has been investigated. Amine-functionalized MIL-101(Cr) has been synthesized by... 

In this thesis, desublimation (deposition) of xenon gas has been studied. Through the past decades, desublimation, became one of the important methods of separation. High purity products and applicability when common methods of separation, as distillation, are not applicable, make desublimation more efficient. Heat transfer phenomenological study of direct phase change of gas to solid (desublimation), evaluation of variation of different parameters during the phase change and finally comparison of experimental results of desublimation and mathematical modeling data are the main considerations in present thesis. Because of low cost and accessibility and heat transfer phenomenological study... 

Thermal penetration is one of the separation methods. In this process, due to the temperature difference, the concentration gradient in one of the gas or liquid phases in the resulting system and the relative separation of the components is possible. The column used for this work is the Classius-Dickel column. This column consists of two vertical plates, one warm and the other cold, spaced a short distance apart. Due to the temperature gradient, the gradient is deliberately created, which creates a concentration gradient in the column, so that the light component accumulates at the top of the column and the heavy component at the bottom of the column. The difference in concentration between... 

Continuous separation processes in microfluidic devices experienced a steep rise in attention during the last two decades. Among the different separation processes, liquid-liquid extraction especially benefits from the short molecular diffusion distance and large specific interfacial area, as these are advantageous for effective mass transport. In the present study, glass-based microfluidic devices have been fabricated utilizing laser ablation and wet chemical etching methods then experiments and numerical simulation were carried out to investigate hydrodynamic behavior of fluid flow in Y-junction microfluidic. In order to achieve phase separation at the end of the microchannel, a phase... 

Nowadays, one of the most basic human problem is how to manage energy resources for sustainable development and how to deal with problems caused by growing energy consumption. Various scenarios are being discussd that the most important of them can be considered research on finding alternative energy sources that are renewable and do not have common pollution. Thus, according to researches carried out until now, using sources such as wind, water, solar biomass, etc. have been proposed. However, due to problems in the development of each of these sources, biomass as the primary option has been introduced. because biomass has several subsidiaries, research shows microalgaes (as a subset) are... 

Natural Boron consists of two stable isotopes, 10B (19.3%) and 11B (80.7%). 10B isotope has a large thermal neutron absorption and therefore, use widely in such aspects as modern industry, atomic energy industry (as control rods, chemical shim and etc.), Medical science and applications in disclosing neutrons to measure neutron reactors fluxes. Boron trifluoride is most importantly used as a reagent in organic synthesis, typically as a Lewis acid. In this study, we designed and built the related setup for preparation of high purity BF3 gas. And then we tried to optimize the efficiency with process design tools such as response surface methodology (RSM). At the end of this study, we were able... 

Hydrogen gas is considered as a clean fuel and energy carrier that its storage for future uses is a challenging issue. One of the methods to store it, is adsorption on a group of adsorbents called metal-organic frameworks. In this research, one of these frameworks called ZIF-8, has been selected to study hydrogen storage capability. To evaluate the effect of having two metals, a mixture of two metals was used in the synthesis process. To characterize the structure of the synthesized adsorbents, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD),adsorption and desorption of nitrogen at temperature of 77 K, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and... 

The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the extraction of calcium ions using an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) with an isotopic perspective. Considering the importance of ion extraction as a preliminary step to isotope separation, the factors affecting the extraction of Ca(II) ions in the ELM process were investigated and optimization of the process was performed in this study. Dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DC18C6) was used as the carrier due to isotopic considerations. However, its extractability for calcium ions is limited. In order to address this issue, it is possible to introduce an organic acid, specifically di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), into the membrane phase. This... 

Hydrothermal supercritical method is one of the most suitable methods for metal oxide nano powder, ceramics and mineral catalyst synthesis. Metal oxides nanopowder in its pure or mixed form has wide potential application as chemical industrial catalyst, hot Superconductors, magnetic material, gas sensors and car catalyst convertors. One of the most important metal oxides aspects of application is uranium oxide as nuclear reactor fuel is used. In addition, UO2 is selective catalyst for converting methane to methanol process and Decomposition of organic Chlorine material. In Supercritical hydrothermal method done in high pressure reactor with critical to fluid, is new method for the... 

Thin film graphene oxide(GO) membranes have been promising potential for gas purification due to thin lamellar microstructure, stable a few atom thick layers and very short intersheet distances. In this research, the nanoporous graphene oxide membranes have been prepared by vacuum and pressurized ultrafiltration on the modified polyacrylonitryle(mPAN) sublayer for helium separation from Nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas mixture. The separation performance of synthesized GO membrane was controlled by varying parameters such as concentration of stabilized aqueous GO solution, pores size range of support and its surface properties, centrifuge time, applied pressure after synthesis, humidity,... 

The use of medicinal plants to improve living standards has coincided with the history of human life. Throughout history, man has had no choice but to resort to plants. Among all the plants, Iranians have had a deep connection with Mohammadi flowers and throughout history have tried to extract the plant in various ways. Therefore, in this article, we have examined the method of supercritical extraction. In order to create a criterion for comparing the maximum extraction rate with the Soxhlet method and with the help of normal hexane solvent, the extraction operation was performed and its efficiency was estimated to be equal to 1.02%. Then, with supercritical experiments, it was found that... 

In this research, we focused on demonstration of features and advantages of supercritical fluids technology to formation of fine particles (nano and micro scales) from bulk materials (solid) and synthesized metal oxides nanoparticles. Therefore, using two different fluids, carbon dioxide and water, and two completely different methods, the Rapid expansion of supercritical solution and supercritical hydrothermal, were used to produce fine particles of drug (acetaminophen) and nano metal oxide (zirconium dioxide and bismuth ferrite). The summary of this research are as follows:1. The solubility of acetaminophen in SuperCritical-Carbon Dioxide (SC-CO2) with and without menthol as a cosolvent...